1. Guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukonja (Impamvu yibanze)
Ikariso ikoreshwa ikabyara imihangayiko mubihe bidasanzwe byubushyuhe. Ku bushyuhe ubwo aribwo bwose, imiterere ya atome ya quartz yahujwe igera kumurongo "mwiza". Mugihe ubushyuhe bugenda buhinduka, intera ya atome ihinduka uko bikwiye - ikintu gikunze kwitwa kwaguka k'ubushyuhe. Iyo quartz ihujwe ishyutswe cyangwa ikonje, kwaguka kutagaragara.
Guhangayikishwa n'ubushyuhe mubisanzwe bivuka mugihe uturere dushyushye tugerageza kwaguka ariko bikabuzwa na zone ikonje. Ibi bitera guhagarika umutima, mubisanzwe ntabwo bitera kwangirika. Niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru bihagije kugirango woroshye ikirahure, imihangayiko irashobora kugabanuka. Ariko, niba igipimo cyo gukonja cyihuta cyane, ubukonje bwiyongera vuba, kandi imiterere ya atome yimbere ntishobora guhinduka mugihe ubushyuhe bugabanuka. Ibi bivamo guhangayika, bikaba bishoboka cyane gutera kuvunika cyangwa gutsindwa.
Imyitwarire nkiyi ikomera uko ubushyuhe bugabanuka, bugera kurwego rwo hejuru kurangiza inzira yo gukonja. Ubushyuhe ikirahuri cya quartz kigera kuri viscosity hejuru ya 10 ^ 4.6 poise ivugwa nkaingingo. Kuri ubu, ubwiza bwibikoresho buri hejuru cyane kuburyo guhangayika imbere gufungwa neza kandi ntigishobora gutandukana.
2. Stress kuva mubyiciro byinzibacyuho no kuruhuka kwubaka
Kuruhuka kwubaka:
Muri leta yashongeshejwe, quartz yahujwe yerekana atome itunganijwe neza. Iyo ukonje, atome ikunda kuruhuka yerekeza kumurongo uhamye. Nyamara, ubukonje bwinshi bwa leta yikirahure ibuza kugenda kwa atome, bikavamo imiterere yimbere yimbere kandi bigatera guhangayika. Igihe kirenze, iyi mihangayiko irashobora kurekurwa buhoro, ibintu bizwi nkagusaza.
Inzira ya Crystallisation:
Niba quartz ihujwe ifashwe mubipimo by'ubushyuhe (nko hafi yubushyuhe bwa kristu) mugihe kirekire, microcrystallisation irashobora kubaho - urugero, imvura ya microcrystal ya cristobalite. Ubunini budahuye hagati ya kristaline na amorphous ibyiciro biremaicyiciro cy'inzibacyuho.
3. Imizigo ya mashini n'imbaraga zo hanze
1. Guhangayikishwa no gutunganya:
Imbaraga za mashini zikoreshwa mugihe cyo gukata, gusya, cyangwa gusya birashobora kuzana kugoreka hejuru yubutaka no guhangayika. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gukata hamwe nuruziga rusya, ubushyuhe bwaho hamwe nigitutu cya mashini kumpera bitera guhangayika. Tekinike idakwiye mu gucukura cyangwa gutobora irashobora gutuma umuntu ahangayikishwa cyane no gukomeretsa.
2. Guhangayikishwa na serivisi:
Iyo ikoreshejwe nkibikoresho byubatswe, quartz yahujwe irashobora guhura na macro-nini ihangayikishijwe nuburemere bwimashini nkumuvuduko cyangwa kunama. Kurugero, ibirahuri bya quartz birashobora guteza imbere kunama mugihe ufashe ibintu biremereye.
4. Ubushyuhe bukabije nubushyuhe bwihuse
1. Guhangayikishwa ako kanya no Gushyuha Byihuse / Gukonja:
Nubwo quartz yahujwe ifite coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke cyane (~ 0.5 × 10⁻⁶ / ° C), ihinduka ryubushyuhe bwihuse (urugero, gushyushya ubushyuhe bwicyumba kugeza ubushyuhe bwinshi, cyangwa kwibiza mumazi yubukonje) birashobora gutera ubushyuhe bukabije bwaho. Izi gradients zitera kwaguka gutunguranye cyangwa kugabanuka, bikabyara ubushyuhe bwumuriro ako kanya. Urugero rusanzwe ni laboratoire ya quartzware ivunika bitewe nubushyuhe bwumuriro.
2. Umunaniro ukabije w'ubushyuhe:
Iyo ihuye nigihe kirekire, ihindagurika ryubushyuhe-nko mumatanura yitanura cyangwa idirishya ryubushyuhe bwo kureba hejuru-quartz yahujwe ikora kwaguka no kugabanuka. Ibi biganisha kumunaniro ukabije, kwihuta gusaza hamwe ningaruka zo guturika.
5. Imiti iterwa na chimique
1. Guhangayikishwa no gusenyuka:
Iyo quartz ihujwe ihuye nigisubizo gikomeye cya alkaline (urugero, NaOH) cyangwa imyuka ya acide yubushyuhe bwo hejuru (urugero, HF), kwangirika kwubutaka no gusenyuka bibaho. Ibi bihungabanya imiterere kandi bigatera guhangayika. Kurugero, ruswa ya alkali irashobora kuganisha kumiterere yubuso cyangwa microcrack.
2. Stress iterwa na CVD:
Gutanga imyuka ya chimique (CVD) itunganya ibitsike (urugero, SiC) kuri quartz yahujwe irashobora kuzana imihangayiko yimiterere bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kwagura ubushyuhe bwumuriro cyangwa modulike ya elastike hagati yibikoresho byombi. Mugihe cyo gukonjesha, iyi mihangayiko irashobora gutera gusibanganya cyangwa gucikamo igifuniko cyangwa substrate.
6. Inenge zimbere nizidahumanya
1. Ibibyimba nibisobanuro:
Ibisigisigi bya gaze bisigaye cyangwa umwanda (urugero, ioni metallic cyangwa uduce duto duto) twatangije mugihe cyo gushonga birashobora kuba intumbero yibibazo. Itandukaniro mugukwirakwiza ubushyuhe cyangwa gukomera hagati yibi bintu hamwe na matrix yikirahure bitera guhangayika imbere. Ibice bikunze gutangirira kumpera yibi bidatunganye.
2. Microcrack hamwe ninenge zubatswe:
Umwanda cyangwa inenge mubikoresho fatizo cyangwa biva muburyo bwo gushonga bishobora kuvamo microcrack imbere. Mugihe cyimitwaro yubukanishi cyangwa gusiganwa ku magare yumuriro, guhangayikishwa cyane ninama zishobora gukwirakwira, kugabanya ubusugire bwibintu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2025