Lithium Niobate kuri Insulator (LNOI): Itera imbere ry'imiyoboro ya Photonic Integrated Circuits

Intangiriro

Bitewe n'intsinzi y'imiyoboro y'ikoranabuhanga (EICs), urwego rw'imiyoboro y'ikoranabuhanga (PICs) rwagiye rutera imbere kuva rwashingwa mu 1969. Ariko, bitandukanye na EICs, iterambere ry'urubuga ruhuriweho n'abantu bose rushobora gushyigikira porogaramu zitandukanye za fotoni riracyari ikibazo gikomeye. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma ikoranabuhanga rya Lithium Niobate ku bijyanye n'insulator (LNOI), ryabaye igisubizo cyizewe ku miyoboro y'ikoranabuhanga y'igihe kizaza.

Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya LNOI

Lithium niobate (LN) imaze igihe kinini izwi nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu gukoresha fotonike. Ariko, nyuma yo kuboneka kwa LNOI y'urumuri ruto n'ubuhanga buhanitse bwo gukora, ubushobozi bwayo bwose bwaragaragaye. Abashakashatsi bagaragaje neza uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'urumuri rwo hasi cyane hamwe na microresonators za Q nyinshi ku mbuga za LNOI [1], bigaragaza intambwe ikomeye mu gukoresha fotonike zihujwe.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi by'ikoranabuhanga rya LNOI

• Igihombo cy'amaso kiri hasi cyane(hasi nka 0.01 dB/cm)
• Inyubako za nanofotonike nziza cyane
• Inkunga ku mikorere itandukanye y'urumuri idashingiye ku murongo
• Uburyo bwo gutunganya amashanyarazi akoresha ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki (EO)

Uburyo bwo gukora optique butari umurongo umwe kuri LNOI

Inyubako za nanofotonike zikora neza cyane zakozwe kuri platform ya LNOI zituma habaho imikorere y'ingenzi y'urumuri idakoresha umurongo umwe, ifite imikorere myiza cyane kandi ikoresha ingufu nke cyane. Ibikorwa byagaragajwe birimo:

• Iterambere rya Kabiri rya Harmonic (SHG)
• Gutanga Ingano y'Amasamu (SFG)
• Ingano y'Ingano (DFG)
• Ihindagurika rya Parametric (PDC)
• Guvanga Imirongo Ine (FWM)

Gahunda zitandukanye zo guhuza ibyiciro zashyizweho kugira ngo zinoze izi nzira, zishyiraho LNOI nk'urubuga rw'amatara rudakoresha umurongo umwe rukora ibintu byinshi bitandukanye.

Ibikoresho byinjijwemo bikoresha amashanyarazi bikanahindura imikorere yabyo

Ikoranabuhanga rya LNOI ryanatumye habaho ibikoresho byinshi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi ritagenda neza, nka:

• Modulators z'amatara zihuta cyane
• PIC zishobora guhindurwamo imikorere myinshi
• Ibikoresho by'ingufu bishobora guhindurwa
• Isoko za micro-optomechanical

Ibi bikoresho bikoresha imiterere ya EO ya lithium niobate kugira ngo bigenzure neza kandi vuba ibimenyetso by'urumuri.

Imikoreshereze ifatika ya LNOI Photonics

Ubu PIC zishingiye kuri LNOI ziri gukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi bufatika, harimo:

• Ibikoresho bihindura amashusho muri mikoroonde
• Ibikoresho by'urumuri
• Spekterometero zo kuri chip
• Ibikoresho by'amajwi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga
• Sisitemu zigezweho z'itumanaho

Izi porogaramu zigaragaza ubushobozi bwa LNOI bwo guhuza imikorere y'ibice bya optique, mu gihe zitanga ibisubizo byoroshye kandi bikoresha ingufu binyuze mu gukora fotolithografiya.

Imbogamizi zihari ubu n'icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza

Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rya LNOI ritera imbere neza, rihura n'imbogamizi nyinshi mu bya tekiniki:

a) Kugabanya cyane igihombo cy'amaso
Igihombo cy’ubu buryo bwo gukoresha umuraba (0.01 dB/cm) kiracyari hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’umupaka w’ibikoresho. Iterambere mu buhanga bwo gukata iyoni no gukora nanofabrication rirakenewe kugira ngo bigabanye ubukana bw’ubuso n’inenge ziterwa no kuyikoresha.

b) Igenzura rya Geometrike Rinoze ry'Umuyoboro w'Amagambo
Gukoresha imiyoboro ya sub-700 nm n'icyuho cya sub-2 μm cyo guhuza ibintu bidakuraho gusubiramo cyangwa kongera igihombo cyo gukwirakwira ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubwinshi bw'amakuru ahuzwe.

c) Kongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza
Nubwo fibres na mode converters byagabanutse bifasha kugera ku musaruro mwiza wo guhuza, anti-reflection coats zishobora kugabanya cyane reflection y’ibikoresho by’umwuka.

d) Iterambere ry'Ibice bya Polarization Bidafite Igihombo Gike
Ibikoresho byo gufotora bidakoresha polarization kuri LNOI ni ingenzi, bisaba ibice bihuye n'imikorere ya polarizers zo mu mwanya wigenga.

e) Guhuza ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigenzura
Guhuza neza ibikoresho binini by'ikoranabuhanga bitabangamiye imikorere y'urumuri ni icyerekezo cy'ingenzi cy'ubushakashatsi.

f) Ubwubatsi bwo guhuza no gutatanya ibice mu buryo bwisumbuyeho
Imiterere yizewe ya domaine kuri sub-micron resolution ni ingenzi kuri optique idakoresha umurongo umwe ariko iracyari ikoranabuhanga ridakuze kuri platform ya LNOI.

g) Kwishyura ibitagenda neza mu gukora ibintu
Uburyo bwo kugabanya impinduka mu byiciro biterwa n'impinduka mu bidukikije cyangwa itandukaniro ry'ibihangano ni ingenzi mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibintu mu buryo bufatika.

h) Guhuza neza ama-Chip menshi
Gukemura ikibazo cyo guhuza neza hagati y’udupira twinshi twa LNOI ni ngombwa kugira ngo turenze imipaka yo guhuza udupira duto.

Guhuza ibice bikora n'ibidakora (Monolithic)

Ikibazo cy'ingenzi kuri LNOI PICs ni uguhuza ibice by'ingenzi n'ibidakora ku buryo buhendutse nka:

• Imirasire ya Lazeri
• Ibikoresho byo gupima
• Imashini zihindura uburebure bw'umurambararo zitari umurongo
• Abahindura
• Ibikoresho bigabanya umubare/ibigabanya umubare

Ingamba zigezweho zirimo:

a) Gukoresha iron kuri LNOI:
Guhitamo ions active mu turere twabugenewe bishobora gutuma habaho amasoko y'urumuri ruri kuri chip.

b) Guhuza no guhuza ibintu bitandukanye:
Guhuza LNOI PIC zakozwe mbere hakoreshejwe LNOI layers cyangwa lasers za III-V bitanga ubundi buryo.

c) Ubuhanga bwa Hybrid Active/Passive LNOI Wafer:
Uburyo bushya burimo guhuza wafer za LN zavanzwe n’izidakuweho mbere yo gukata iyoni, bigatuma LNOI wafers zifite imiterere ikora n’iy’aho zidakora.

Igishushanyo cya 1igaragaza igitekerezo cya hybrid integrated active/passive PICs, aho inzira imwe ya lithographic ituma habaho guhuza no guhuza ubwoko bwombi bw'ibice.

Guhuza ibikoresho bipima amashusho

Gushyira ibyuma bipima foto muri PIC zishingiye kuri LNOI ni indi ntambwe y'ingenzi igana ku buryo bwuzuye bwo gukora. Uburyo bubiri bw'ibanze burimo gukorwaho iperereza:

a) Guhuza ibintu bitandukanye:
Imiterere ya semiconductor nanostructures ishobora guhuzwa by'agateganyo na LNOI waveguides. Ariko, kunoza imikorere yo gutahura no kwaguka biracyenewe.

b) Ihinduka ry'uburebure bw'umuraba utari umurongo:
Imiterere ya LN idashingiye ku murongo umwe yemerera guhindura inshuro mu miyoboro y'amazi, bigatuma hakoreshwa ibikoresho bisanzwe bipima imiterere ya silicon hatitawe ku burebure bw'umuraba.

Umwanzuro

Iterambere ryihuse ry'ikoranabuhanga rya LNOI ryegereza inganda kuri platform ya PIC ihuriweho n'abantu bose ishobora gutanga serivisi zitandukanye. Mu gukemura ibibazo biriho no guteza imbere udushya mu guhuza ikoranabuhanga rya monolithic na detector, PIC zishingiye kuri LNOI zifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura urwego nko mu itumanaho, amakuru ya quantum, no kumva.

LNOI ifite isezerano ryo gusohoza icyerekezo cya kera cya PIC zishobora kwaguka, bihuye n'intsinzi n'ingaruka za EIC. Ibikorwa bikomeje mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga—nk'ibyavuye muri Nanjing Photonics Process Platform na XiaoyaoTech Design Platform—bizaba ingenzi cyane mu gushyiraho ahazaza h'amafotonique ahujwe no gufungura amahirwe mashya mu nzego z'ikoranabuhanga.