Metallized Optical Windows: Abadashobojwe muri Optics

Muri sisitemu ya optique na sisitemu ya optoelectronic, ibice bitandukanye buri kimwe kigira uruhare rwihariye, gukorera hamwe kugirango dusohoze imirimo igoye. Kuberako ibyo bice bikozwe muburyo butandukanye, kuvura kwabo nabyo biratandukanye. Mubintu byakoreshejwe cyane,Windowsuze muburyo bwinshi butandukanye. Birasa nkaho byoroshye ariko byingenzi igice niidirishya rya optique—Ntabwo ari “umunyezamu” gusa w'inzira nziza, ariko kandi ni ukurienablerya sisitemu imikorere. Reka turebe neza.

Idirishya ryuzuye rya optique ni iki, kandi ni ukubera iki kurigata?

1) Ibisobanuro

Mu magambo make, aidirishya rya optiqueni ikintu cya optique gifite substrate - mubisanzwe ikirahure, silika ihujwe, safiro, nibindi - ifite igicucu cyoroshye (cyangwa cyinshi) cyicyuma (urugero, Cr, Au, Ag, Al, Ni) cyashyizwe kumpande zacyo cyangwa ahantu hagenwe hifashishijwe inzira ya vacuum yuzuye neza nko guhumeka cyangwa gusohoka.

Kuva mugari mugushungura tagisi, ibyuma bya Windows nintabwogakondo “optiki muyunguruzi.” Akayunguruzo gakondo (urugero, bande, inzira-ndende) byashizweho kugirango bihitemo kohereza cyangwa kwerekana imirongo imwe n'imwe, ihindura urumuri. AnIdirishya, bitandukanye, birinda cyane cyane. Igomba kubungabungakwanduza cyanehejuru yumurongo mugari (urugero, VIS, IR, cyangwa UV) mugihe utangakwigunga ibidukikije no gufunga.

Birenzeho, idirishya ryuzuye ni aicyiciro cyihariyeIdirishya. Umwihariko wacyo uri murimetallisation, itanga imikorere idirishya risanzwe ntirishobora gutanga.

2) Kuki metallize? Intego nyamukuru ninyungu

Gupfundikanya izina rifite icyerekezo kiboneye hamwe nicyuma kitagaragara gishobora kumvikana, ariko ni ubwenge, intego-ihitamo. Metallisation isanzwe ituma kimwe cyangwa byinshi muribi bikurikira:

(a) Gukingira amashanyarazi (EMI) gukingira
Muri sisitemu nyinshi za elegitoroniki na optoelectronic, ibyuma byumva (urugero, CCD / CMOS) na laseri birashobora kwibasirwa na EMI yo hanze - kandi birashobora no kwivanga ubwabyo. Icyuma gikomeza, kiyobora ibyuma kumadirishya birashobora gukora nka aAkazu ka Faraday, kwemerera urumuri unyuze mugihe uhagarika imirima ya RF / EM udashaka, bityo bigahindura imikorere yibikoresho.

(b) Guhuza amashanyarazi no guhagarara
Icyuma cyuma kirayobora. Mugurisha icyerekezo kuri yo cyangwa mukuyihuza munzu yicyuma, urashobora gukora inzira yamashanyarazi kubintu byashyizwe kumurongo wimbere yidirishya (urugero, ubushyuhe, ibyuma byerekana ubushyuhe, electrode) cyangwa ugahambira idirishya hasi kugirango ukwirakwize static kandi wongere imbaraga zo gukingira.

(c) Ikidodo cya Hermetike
Uru ni imfuruka yo gukoresha imfuruka. Mubikoresho bisaba icyuho kinini cyangwa ikirere cya inert (urugero, igituba cya laser, fotomultiplier tubes, ibyuma byindege), idirishya rigomba guhuzwa nicyuma hamwe na agihoraho, kashe yizewe cyane. Gukoreshabrazing, ibyuma byerekeranye nidirishya byahujwe nuburaro bwicyuma kugirango bigerweho neza kuruta guhuza ibimera, byemeza ko ibidukikije bihoraho.

(d) Aperture na masike
Metallisation ntigomba gutwikira ubuso bwose; irashobora gushushanywa. Kubitsa icyuma cyabugenewe (urugero, umuzenguruko cyangwa kare) gisobanura nezaaperture, ihagarika urumuri ruzimiye, kandi itezimbere SNR nubwiza bwibishusho.

Aho Windows ikoreshwa ibyuma

Turabikesha ubwo bushobozi, ibyuma byuma bikoreshwa cyane aho ibidukikije bisaba:

• Ingabo zo mu kirere:abashaka misile, imitwaro ya satelite, sisitemu ya IR yo mu kirere - aho kunyeganyega, gukabya gukabije, hamwe na EMI ikomeye nibisanzwe. Metallisation izana kurinda, gufunga, no gukingira.

• Inganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru & ubushakashatsi:laseri ifite imbaraga nyinshi, ibyuma byerekana ibice, kureba vacuum, cryostats - porogaramu zisaba ubudakemwa bukomeye, kwihanganira imirasire, hamwe n’amashanyarazi yizewe.

• Ubuvuzi & siyanse yubuzima:ibikoresho hamwe na lazeri ihuriweho (urugero, cytometero itemba) igomba gufunga umwobo wa laser mugihe ureka urumuri.

• Itumanaho & sensing:fibre-optique module hamwe na sensor ya gaz byungukira kuri EMI ikingira ibimenyetso byera.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi n'ibipimo byo guhitamo

Mugihe cyo kwerekana cyangwa gusuzuma ibyuma bya optique ya optique, wibande kuri:

1. Substrate material- Kugena imikorere ya optique na physique:

• BK7 / K9 ikirahure:ubukungu; bikwiranye nibigaragara.

• Silica ikoreshwa:kwanduza cyane kuva UV kuri NIR; hasi CTE hamwe no gutuza kwiza.

• Safiro:birakomeye cyane, birwanya gushushanya, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burashobora; mugari UV - hagati-IR yingirakamaro mubidukikije bikaze.

• Si / Ge:cyane cyane kubitsinda rya IR.

2. Clear aperture (CA)- Akarere kijejwe kuzuza optique idasanzwe. Ahantu h'icyuma muri rusange haryamye hanze (kandi nini kuruta) CA.

3. Ubwoko bw'icyuma & ubunini-

• Crni Byinshi Byakoreshejwe Kumurongo-Guhagarika Umuyoboro kandi nkumuti / gufatira.

• Auitanga imbaraga nyinshi hamwe na okiside irwanya kugurisha / gushakisha.
  Ubunini busanzwe: mirongo kugeza kuri magana ya nanometero, bigenewe gukora.

4. Ikwirakwizwa- Ijanisha ryinjiza hejuru yintego (λ₁ - λ₂). Windows ikora cyane irashobora kurenza99%muburyo bwo gushushanya (hamwe na AR ikwiye kuri aperture isobanutse).

5. Hermeticity- Nibyingenzi kuri Windows yashegeshwe; mubisanzwe bigenzurwa hifashishijwe ibizamini bya helium, hamwe nibipimo bikomeye byo kumeneka nka<1 × 10⁻⁸ cc / s(atm He).

6. Guhuza- Ikibaho cyicyuma kigomba gutose no guhuza neza ibyuzuye byatoranijwe (urugero, AuSn, AgCu eutectic) kandi bigahanganira gusiganwa ku magare nubushyuhe bwa mashini.

7. Ubwiza bwubuso- Gucukumbura-Gucukura (urugero,60-40cyangwa byiza); umubare muto werekana inenge nke / zoroheje.

8. Igishushanyo- Gutandukana kwa flatness, mubisanzwe byerekanwe mumiraba kumurongo watanzwe (urugero,λ / 4, λ / 10 @ 632.8 nm); indangagaciro ntoya bivuze uburinganire bwiza.

Umurongo w'urufatiro

Ibyuma bya optique ya Windows bicaye kuri nexus yaimikorere myizanaimikorere ya mashini / amashanyarazi. Barenga kwanduza gusa, bakora nkainzitizi zo gukingira, ingabo za EMI, imiterere ya hermetic, hamwe nikiraro cyamashanyarazi. Guhitamo igisubizo kiboneye bisaba sisitemu yo murwego rwubucuruzi: Ukeneye gukora neza? Hermeticity? Itsinda rikora ni irihe? Ni kangahe imitwaro y'ibidukikije? Ibisubizo bitera guhitamo substrate, metallisation stack, n'inzira yo gutunganya.

Nukuri uku guhuza kwamicro-scale precision(nanometero icumi ya firime yakozwe mubyuma) namacro-nini ikomeye)“Idirishya rirenze”-Guhuza indangarugero ya optique hamwe nukuri kwisi kwisi.