Amadirishya y'urumuri ya Metallized: Ibikoresho bitazwi muri Precision Optics

Muri sisitemu za optique zigezweho na optoelectronic, ibice bitandukanye bigira uruhare rwihariye, bikorana kugira ngo bigere ku nshingano zigoye. Kubera ko ibi bice bikorwa mu buryo butandukanye, uburyo bwo kubikoramo buratandukanye. Mu bintu bikoreshwa cyane,amadirishya y'urumuribiza mu buryo bwinshi butandukanye. Igice gisa n'aho cyoroshye ariko cy'ingenzi niidirishya ry'urumuri ry'icyuma—si “umurinzi w’irembo” ry’inzira y’amatara gusa, ahubwo ni n’ukuriigikoresho gifashaimikorere ya sisitemu. Reka turebere hamwe.

Idirishya ry'urumuri ry'icyuma ni iki—kandi kuki rishyirwamo icyuma?

1) Ibisobanuro

Mu magambo make,idirishya ry'urumuri ry'icyumani igice cy’urumuri gifite substrate—ubusanzwe ikirahure, silica ivanze, safiro, nibindi—gifite urwego rworoshye (cyangwa urwego rwinshi) rw’icyuma (urugero, Cr, Au, Ag, Al, Ni) gishyizwe ku nkengero zacyo cyangwa ku buso bwabigenewe binyuze mu nzira zo gusukura zinoze cyane nko guhumeka cyangwa gusuka amazi.

Ukurikije uburyo bwagutse bwo kuyungurura, amadirishya y’ibyuma ni yontabwo"Imashini zikoresha urumuri zisanzwe." Imashini zikoresha urumuri zisanzwe (urugero: bandpass, long-pass) zagenewe kohereza cyangwa kugaragaza imigozi imwe n'imwe ya spectral, zigahindura spectrum y'urumuri.idirishya ry'izuba, ku rundi ruhande, ahanini ni uburinzi. Igomba kubungabungakohereza ubutumwa bwinshihejuru y'umugozi munini (urugero, VIS, IR, cyangwa UV) mu gihe utangakwitandukanya no gufunga ibidukikije.

Mu buryo burambuye, idirishya ryakozwe mu byuma niicyiciro cyihariyey'idirishya ry'urumuri. Itandukaniro ryaryo riri mugukora ibyuma, itanga imikorere idasanzwe idashobora gutanga.

2) Kuki gukoresha icyuma? Intego z'ingenzi n'inyungu

Gusiga icyuma kidasobanutse neza ku kintu kigaragara neza bishobora kumvikana nk'ibinyuranye n'ibyo umuntu atekereza, ariko ni amahitamo meza kandi ashingiye ku ntego. Ubusanzwe gukoresha icyuma mu buryo bwa metallization bituma kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira:

(a) Uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi abangamira (EMI)
Muri sisitemu nyinshi z'ikoranabuhanga n'iz'ikoranabuhanga, sensor zigaragaza imiterere y'urumuri (urugero, CCD / CMOS) na lasers zishobora kwangirika kubera EMI yo hanze - kandi zishobora no gutanga impungenge. Urukuta rw'icyuma rukomeza kandi ruyobora urumuri ku idirishya rushobora gukora nk'ahoAkazu ka Faraday, ikemerera urumuri kwinjira mu gihe ifunga amashami ya RF / EM adakenewe, bityo igatuma imikorere y'igikoresho ihora ihagaze neza.

(b) Guhuza amashanyarazi no kuyashyiraho hasi
Urukuta rw'icyuma rukora neza. Ukoresheje icyuma gishongesha icyuma cyangwa ukagihuza n'icyuma gifata, ushobora gukora inzira z'amashanyarazi zishyirwa imbere mu idirishya (urugero: ibyuma bishyushya, ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe, electrode) cyangwa ugahambira idirishya hasi kugira ngo ritanye neza kandi rirusheho gukingira.

(c) Gufunga mu buryo bworoshye
Iyi ni ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi. Mu bikoresho bisaba umwuka mwinshi cyangwa ikirere kidakora neza (urugero: imiyoboro ya laser, imiyoboro ya photomultiplier, sensors zo mu kirere), idirishya rigomba guhuzwa n'icyuma gipakiye hamweikimenyetso gihoraho kandi cyizewe cyaneGukoreshaguteka, uruhererekane rw'idirishya rufite icyuma rufatanye n'inzu y'icyuma kugira ngo rugere ku bushyuhe bwiza kurusha gufatanya n'ubutare, bityo rukomeze kubungabunga ibidukikije igihe kirekire.

(d) Udupfukamunwa n'udupfukamunwa
Gutunganya ibyuma ntibigomba gutwikira ubuso bwose; bishobora gushushanywa. Gushyiramo agapfukamunwa k'icyuma gakozwe mu buryo bwabigenewe (urugero, uruziga cyangwa kare) bigena neza ukoumwanya usobanutse, ibuza urumuri rudakora neza, kandi ikongera ubuziranenge bwa SNR n'ishusho.

Aho amadirishya y'ibyuma akoreshwa

Kubera ubwo bushobozi, amadirishya y’ibyuma akoreshwa cyane ahantu hose hakenewe ibidukikije:

• Kwirwanaho n'indege:Abashaka ibisasu bya misile, ibikoresho bya satelite, sisitemu zo mu kirere zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya IR—aho gutigita, ubushyuhe bukabije, n'imbaraga zikomeye zo mu kirere ari byo bisanzwe. Gutunganya ibyuma bitanga uburinzi, gufunga no kurinda.

• Ubushakashatsi n'inganda byo mu rwego rwo hejuru:laser zifite imbaraga nyinshi, ibikoresho byo gupima uduce duto, aho abantu bareba ibintu bidafite amashanyarazi, cryostats—porogaramu zisaba ubuziranenge bukomeye bw’ibikoresho bidafite amashanyarazi, kwihanganira imirasire, n’aho amashanyarazi ahurira byizewe.

• Ubumenyi bw'ubuvuzi n'ubuzima:ibikoresho bifite laser zivanze (urugero: flow cytometers) bigomba gufunga umwobo wa laser mu gihe birekura urumuri.

• Itumanaho n'uburyo bwo kumenya amakuru:module za fibre-optic na sensor za gaze zungukira kuri EMI hirindwa kugira ngo ikimenyetso kibe cyiza.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi n'ibipimo ngenderwaho byo guhitamo

Mu gihe ugena cyangwa usuzuma amadirishya y’urumuri yakozwe mu byuma, ibande kuri ibi bikurikira:

1. Ibikoresho byo munsi y'ubutaka– Igena imikorere y'amaso n'iy'umubiri:

• Ikirahure cya BK7/K9:bihendutse; bikwiranye n'ibigaragara.

• Silika ivanze:Ihererekanya ryinshi riva kuri UV rijya kuri NIR; CTE nkeya kandi ihamye cyane.

• Safiro:ikomeye cyane, irinda gushwaragurika, ishobora gushyuha cyane; ikoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse bwa UV-mid-IR mu bidukikije bikomeye.

• Si / Ge:cyane cyane ku migozi ya IR.

2. Umwobo udafite aho ubohera (CA)– Akarere kemejwe ko kazahura n'ibipimo by'urumuri. Uduce tw'icyuma muri rusange tuba turi hanze (kandi tunini kurusha) CA.

3. Ubwoko bw'icyuma n'ubugari bwacyo–

• Crikunze gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo kuziba urumuri no nk'ishingiro ryo gufatana/gushyiramo icyuma gifunga.

• Auitanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu no kwirinda ogisijeni mu gusora/gutera ibyuma.
  Ubunini busanzwe: mirongo kugeza ku magana ya nanometero, yagenewe imikorere.

4. Kohereza– Ijanisha ry'umusaruro urenze umurongo w'icyerekezo (λ₁–λ₂). Amadirishya afite imikorere myiza ashobora kurenza99%mu gice cy'igishushanyo (hamwe n'udupira twa AR dukwiye ku mwenge usobanutse).

5. Ubumuga- Ni ingenzi ku madirishya afite icyuma gishyushya; bikunze kwemezwa binyuze mu gupima amazi ya helium, hamwe n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amazi nk'uko< 1 × 10⁻⁸ cc/s(atm He).

6. Guhuza ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gushushanya (Brazing)– Iki gikoresho cy'icyuma kigomba gutose kandi kigafatana neza n'ibikoresho byatoranijwe (urugero, AuSn, AgCu eutectic) kandi kigahangana n'ubushyuhe n'imbaraga z'ikoranabuhanga.

7. Ubwiza bw'ubuso– Gukata no gukata (urugero,60-40cyangwa biruta ibyo); imibare mito igaragaza inenge nke/zoroshye.

8. Igishushanyo cy'ubuso– Guhindagurika kw'ubugari, bikunze kugaragazwa mu miraba ku rugero runaka rw'uburebure (urugero,λ/4, λ/10 @ 632.8 nm); agaciro gato gasobanura ko uburebure burushaho kuba bwiza.

Umurongo w'ibanze

Amadirishya y'urumuri y'icyuma ari ku ruhande rw'ahoimikorere y'amasonaimikorere y'ubukanishi/amashanyaraziBarenga uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru gusa, bakora nk'inzitizi zo kurinda, uburinzi bwa EMI, aho amazi ahurira n'ibiraro by'amashanyaraziGuhitamo igisubizo gikwiye bisaba inyigo y'ubucuruzi ku rwego rwa sisitemu: Ese ukeneye uburyo bwo kuyobora amashanyarazi? Uburyo bwo gufunga amashanyarazi bukozwe mu buryo bwa braze? Uburyo bwo gukora ni ubuhe? Imitwaro y'ibidukikije ingana iki? Ibisubizo bituma hatoranywa substrate, metallization stack, n'inzira yo kuyitunganya.

Ni uru ruvange rw'ibintuubuziranenge bw'ibipimo bito(nanometero mirongo ya firime z'ibyuma byakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki) nagukomera ku rugero rwa macro(nubwo hari itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko n'ihindagurika rikomeye ry'ubushyuhe) bituma amadirishya y'urumuri yubatswe mu byuma aba ingenzi cyane"Idirishya rikomeye"—guhuza imiterere y’urumuri rworoheje n’imimerere mibi cyane y’isi nyayo.