1: Safiro iguha kumva ibyiciro bitigera bisubira inyuma
Safiro na rubini ni "corundum" imwe kandi byagize uruhare runini mu mico itandukanye ku isi kuva kera. Nkikimenyetso cyubudahemuka, ubwenge, ubwitange nubwitonzi, safiro yakunzwe cyane nabanyacyubahiro bo murukiko kuva kera, kandi ni ibuye ryibutso ryubile yimyaka 45 yubukwe.
Ugereranije na rubini, safiro ikungahaye cyane ku ibara. Mwisi yimitako, usibye corundum itukura yitwa ruby, andi mabara yose yamabuye ya corundum yitwa safiro. Uyu munsi ndabanza kugutwara kugirango wumve ibara ryamabara ya safiro.
01 / Ibigori byubururu
Indabyo y'ibigori (ibumoso)
Ibigori by'ibigori bya safiro (iburyo)
Ibigori bya mafiriti yubururu, byitwa izina kuko bifite ibara risa cyane nibigori. "Ibigori bya Cornflower" ni kuri safiro icyo "maraso y'inuma" aricyo rubavu, bihwanye n'amabara meza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Indabyo nziza y'ibigori safi ni umukire, ubururu bwerurutse gato; Niba witegereje neza, urashobora kandi gusanga ifite imbere ya veleti imbere.
Ibigori byubururu bwa safiro ibara ryiza, ibara ryumuriro woroshye hamwe numusaruro udasanzwe, ni amabuye y'agaciro adasanzwe mu nganda za safiro.
02 / Ubururu bwa Peacock
Indabyo y'ibigori (ibumoso)
Ibigori by'ibigori bya safiro (iburyo)
Peacock ubururu bwa safiro n'ubururu bwa pawusi
"Fang love igishwi Yan niba Cuixian, Feifeng Yuhuang kumanuka kwisi." Muri Sri Lanka, hari igice cyumusaruro waho wa safiro ufite izina ryiza nkiryo: safiro yubururu. Ibara ryabo ni nk'amababa ya pawusi yaka ubururu bw'amashanyarazi, ku buryo abantu barumirwa.
03 / Ubururu bwubururu
Ubururu bwubururu bwa mahmal bwerekana ubwiza
Velvet yubururu bwa safiro yashakishijwe ninganda mumyaka yashize, ibara ryayo rirakomeye nkikirahure cya cobalt yubururu, kandi isura yacyo isa na mahame iha abantu ibitekerezo byiza kandi byiza. Iyi safiro isa n'inkomoko y'ibigori bya safiro y'ubururu, ikorerwa cyane muri Sri Lanka, Madagasikari na Kashmir.
04 / Ubururu bwa cyami
Urunigi rw'ubururu bwa safiro
Niba ubururu bwibigori biha abantu ibyiyumvo byimyambarire yuzuye inyenyeri, noneho ubururu bwa cyami ni nkibirori byiza kandi byiza bya cyami. Ubururu bwa cyami nubururu bukungahaye kandi bwuzuye, bwagiye butoneshwa cyane numuryango wibwami wibihugu bitandukanye kuva kera. Miyanimari ni isoko y'ingenzi ya safiro y'ubururu bwa cyami, ariko mu myaka yashize, hamwe no kwaguka buhoro buhoro ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, Madagasikari, Sri Lanka nabwo bwatangiye kubyara safiro y'ubururu.
05 / Indigo ubururu
Safiro, nk'irangi rya indigo, idahagije kandi irabujijwe
Indigo ni irangi rifite amateka maremare none rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusiga imyenda ya denim. Indigo ifite ibara ryijimye kandi ryuzuye gato, kandi igiciro cyisoko nacyo kiri hasi gato. Indigo ya safi ikunze kuboneka muri basalt, Ubushinwa, Tayilande, Madagasikari, Ositaraliya, Nijeriya n'ahandi hakorerwa ibara rya safiro.
06 / Twilight Ubururu
kuva kera. Miyanimari ni isoko y'ingenzi ya safiro y'ubururu bwa cyami, ariko mu myaka yashize, hamwe no kwaguka buhoro buhoro ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, Madagasikari, Sri Lanka nabwo bwatangiye kubyara safiro y'ubururu.
05 / Indigo ubururu
Twilight ubururu bwa safiro
Muri safiro ntoya yubururu bwa twilight, bisa nkaho birimo ikirere kitagira iherezo nyuma izuba rirenze. Kimwe na bluestone indigo, Twilight bluestone ikomoka kuri basalt kandi ikorerwa cyane mubushinwa, Tayilande, Kamboje, Ositaraliya, Nijeriya, nibindi.
2: Nigute safiro ishyirwa mubikorwa?
Safiro hamwe na rubavu ya hafi bifitanye isano nubwoko bwa corundum. Muri gemmologiya, "ubwoko" ni minerval ifite formulaire yimiti isobanuwe nuburyo bwihariye-butatu.
"Ubwoko" ni itsinda ryubwoko bwamabuye y'agaciro. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa corundum (minerval). Benshi murubwo bwoko ntabwo ari gake cyangwa agaciro nka safiro. "Corundum" ni ubwoko butandukanye bwa corundum ikoreshwa nk'ubucuruzi bwangiza. Niba hejuru ya aluminiyumu yintebe ishaje yashaje, irashobora gutwikirwa hamwe na corundum.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa corundum butandukanye nibiranga amabara, gukorera mu mucyo, ibiranga imbere nibintu byiza. Nka corundum zitandukanye, safiro iza mumabara yose usibye umutuku. Byibanze, rubini ni safiro itukura, kuko ari ubwoko bumwe bwa corundum, ubwoko butandukanye.
Safiro na rubavu byombi ni corundum, ubwoko bwa oxyde ya aluminium (Al2O3). Corundum ifite imiterere isanzwe ya kristu, ikorwa no gusubiramo imiterere kurwego rwa atome. Amabuye y'agaciro ya kristaline ashyirwa mubikorwa ukurikije sisitemu ndwi zitandukanye za kirisiti zitandukanijwe ukurikije uburinganire bwibice bya atome bisubiramo.
Corundum ifite kristu ya mpandeshatu kandi igizwe na aluminium na ogisijeni gusa. Birasaba ibidukikije bitarimo silikoni kugirango ikure. Kubera ko silicon ari ikintu gikunze kugaragara mubutaka bwisi, corundum karemano ni gake. Corundum isukuye ntigira ibara kandi ibonerana, ikora safiro yera. Ni hamwe no kongeramo ibintu bya corundum ibona umukororombya wamabara.
Ibara ry'ubururu muri safiro y'ubururu rituruka kuri minerval titanium muri kristu. Iyo hejuru ya titanium muri safiro, niko ibara ryuzura. Kwuzura amabara menshi birashobora gutuma safiro yubururu igira ingaruka zijimye cyangwa zijimye cyane, ibyo bikaba bitifuzwa kandi bigabanya igiciro cyibuye.
Safiro yubururu nayo isaba umubare wibintu bikurikira:
1 - Icyuma. Corundum irimo ibimenyetso by'icyuma, gitanga safiro y'icyatsi n'umuhondo, ikavanga na titanium kugirango ikore safiro y'ubururu.
2 - Titanium. Hariho impamvu ebyiri zitandukanye zamabara yumuhondo ya safiro. Impamvu zikunze kugaragara ni icyuma cyerekana ibintu. Muri rusange, kongera ubukana bwa fer byongera ubwuzure bwamabara. Ikirangantego cya titanium gitera safiro yumuhondo kugaragara nkicyatsi kibisi kitifuzwa, mugihe amabuye afite agaciro ntagereranywa na titanium. Safiro y'umuhondo irashobora kandi kuba amabara asanzwe afite imirasire mike yo mwisi cyangwa imirasire iterwa na laboratoire. Laboratoire-ikomatanya safiro ntacyo itwaye kandi ntabwo ikora radio, ariko ibara ryabo rizwi ko rishira kubera guhura nubushyuhe numucyo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaguzi benshi birinda.
3 - Chromium. Safiro nyinshi zijimye zirimo ibimenyetso bya chromium. Ubushuhe bwinshi bwa chromium butanga amabuye ya rubavu hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hasi butanga safiro. Niba imiterere ya kristu nayo irimo ibintu bya titanium, safiro izafata ibara ryijimye-ryijimye. Paparacha na safiro ya orange bisaba ko habaho fer na chromium.
4 - Vanadium. Safiro yumutuku ikura ibara ryayo imbere ya minerval vanadium. Ikintu cyitiriwe Vanadis, izina rya kera rya Noruveje ku mana ya Scandinaviya Freyja. Vanadium ibaho mubisanzwe mumabuye y'agaciro agera kuri 65 hamwe nubutunzi bwa peteroli kandi ni 20 mubintu byinshi cyane mubutaka bwisi. Umutuku wijimye wa safiro ukorwa na vanadium nkeya. Umubare munini utera safiro guhindura ibara.
3: Amabara meza ya safiro - safiro irenze ubururu
Safiro, ifite izina ryiza cyane ry'icyongereza - Supphire, riva mu giheburayo "sappir", risobanura "ikintu cyuzuye" bisobanura. Kubaho biracyari amayobera, ariko reba gusa inyandiko za Sri Lanka, uzwi cyane mu gukora amabuye y'agaciro ya corundum, umaze gucukurwa nibura imyaka 2500.
1. "ibigori byibigori" safiro
Kuva kera byamenyekanye nkibyiza byubutunzi bwubururu. Ifite ibara ryijimye ryijimye ryubururu bwimbitse, kandi ritanga velveti idasanzwe kandi igaragara, "ibigori byibigori" ibara ry'ubururu ryera ryera, ryiza kandi ryiza, ni ubwoko bwa safiro budasanzwe.
2. "ubururu bwa cyami" safiro
Nibyiza kandi bya safiro, cyane cyane ibyakozwe muri Miyanimari. Ibara ni ubururu bwerurutse hamwe nijwi ry'umuyugubwe, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwimbitse, bwiza kandi bwiza, kubera ko ibara ry'ubururu bwa safiro ryumwami ryera, kwibanda, kwiyuzuzamo bifite ibyangombwa byinshi, bityo rero ushake gushakisha ibyemezo byizewe bya laboratoire byemewe mugihe ugura.
3. Lotusi itukura
Azwi kandi nka "Padma (Padparadscha)" safiro, nanone bisobanurwa ngo "Papalacha" safiro. Ijambo Padparadscha ryakomotse kuri Sinhalese "Padmaraga", ibara rya lotus itukura ryerekana ubweranda nubuzima, kandi ni ibara ryera mumitima yabizera b’amadini.
4.pine safiro
Safiro ni imwe mu moko y'amabuye y'agaciro azamuka vuba mu myaka yashize, kandi abaguzi mu Buyapani no muri Amerika bagaragaje ishyaka ryinshi kuri yo. Ibara rya safiro yijimye iroroshye kuruta rubini, kandi ibara ryuzuye ntiriri hejuru cyane, ryerekana ibara ryijimye ryoroshye, ariko ntabwo rikize cyane.
4.Umutuku wera
Safiro yumuhondo irashobora kwerekeza kuri zahabu ivanze na safiro. Iyi mavuta isanzwe ikoreshwa mugukora imitako no gukora imitako kuko irabagirana ryuma hamwe nubwiza bwibuye ryamabuye y'agaciro ikomatanya gukora igishushanyo kidasanzwe. Safiro ifatwa nkibuye ryagaciro cyane muri gemologiya kandi rikunze gukoreshwa mugukora imitako, amasaha n imitako. Amabuye y'agaciro ya safiro arashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda, nko mubuhanga bwa laser na optoelectronics
5: Ruby ni ubwoko butukura bwa minerval corundum, izwi kandi nka oxyde ya aluminium. Nimwe mumabuye y'agaciro cyane kubera ibara ryinshi, ubukana, hamwe nubwiza.
6: safiro
Ibara rya safiro ni ibara ritangaje cyane kandi ryiza, ryuzuye reverie nu rukundo, bidasanzwe, hamwe nibitekerezo bihanitse cyane byabantu bamwe bameze nka safiro yumutuku.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-06-2023