Safiro: "Ubumaji" Bwihishe mu mabuye y'agaciro

 Wigeze utangazwa n'ubururu bwiza cyane bwa safiro? Iri buye ryuzuye amabuye y'agaciro, ryahawe agaciro kubera ubwiza bwaryo, rifite "ibihangange bya siyansi" rwihishwa rishobora guhindura ikoranabuhanga. Iterambere riherutse gukorwa n’abahanga mu Bushinwa ryafunguye amabanga y’amashyanyarazi yihishe ya kirisita ya safiro, atanga amahirwe mashya kuri buri kintu cyose uhereye kuri terefone zigendanwa kugeza ku bushakashatsi bw’ikirere.

Kuki?'t Safiro yashonga munsi yubushyuhe bukabije?

Tekereza icyerekezo cya kizimya umuriro cyaka-gishyushye mu muriro, nyamara gisigaye neza. Ubwo ni amarozi ya safiro. Ubushyuhe burenga 1.500 ° C-bushyushye kuruta lava yashongeshejwe - iri buye ryagaciro rigumana imbaraga no gukorera mu mucyo.

Abashakashatsi bo mu Bushinwa Institute of Optics and Mechanics Fine bakoresheje tekinike zigezweho mu gusuzuma amabanga yacyo:

• Imiterere ya Atome: Atome ya safiro ikora uruzitiro rwa mpandeshatu, hamwe na atome ya aluminiyumu ifunze ahantu hamwe na atome enye za ogisijeni. Iyi "cage ya atome" irwanya kugoreka ubushyuhe, irata coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwa just 5.3 × 10⁻⁶ / ° C (zahabu, bitandukanye, yaguka hafi inshuro 10 byihuse).
• Icyerekezo gishyushya icyerekezo: Nkumuhanda umwe, umuhanda ushyushye unyuze muri safiro 10-30% byihuse ukoresheje amashoka ya kirisiti. Ba injeniyeri barashobora gukoresha iyi "anisotropy yumuriro" kugirango bashushanye sisitemu yo gukonjesha cyane.

Ibikoresho bya "Intwari" Byageragejwe muri Laboratwari Ikabije

Kugirango basunike safiro ku mbibi zayo, abashakashatsi biganye imiterere mibi y’ikirere n’indege ya hypersonic:

• Kwigana kwa roketi: Idirishya rya mm 150 ya safiro ryarokotse umuriro wa 1.500 ° C amasaha menshi, ryerekana ko nta gucika cyangwa kurigata.
• Ikizamini cyo Kwihangana: Iyo ituritswe nurumuri rwinshi, ibice bishingiye kuri safiro byarenze ibikoresho gakondo 300%, bitewe nubushobozi bwayo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe 3x byihuse kuruta umuringa.

Kuva muri Laboratwari ya Laboratwari kugeza tekinoroji ya buri munsi

Urashobora kuba ufite igice cya tekinoroji ya safiro utabizi:

• Mugaragaza: Iphone ya mbere ya Apple yakoresheje lens ya kamera ya safiro (kugeza ibiciro bizamutse).
• Kubara.
• Imashanyarazi: Batteri ya prototype ya EV ikoresha electrode isize safiro kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe bukabije-uhindura umukino kubinyabiziga bifite umutekano, birebire.

Ubushinwa busimbuka mubumenyi bwa safiro

Mu gihe ibinure byacukuwe mu binyejana byinshi, Ubushinwa bwandika ejo hazaza:

• Crystal: Laboratoire z'Abashinwa ubu zikura ingunguru za safiro zipima ibiro birenga 100-binini bihagije kugirango zubake indorerwamo za telesikope.
• Guhanga udushya: Abashakashatsi barimo gukora safiro itunganijwe neza kuva kuri terefone zishaje, bagabanya ibiciro by’umusaruro 90%.
• Ubuyobozi Bwisi: Ubushakashatsi buherutse, bwasohotse muriIkinyamakuru cya Crystal Crystal, ni inshuro ya kane Ubushinwa bumaze gutera imbere mu bikoresho bigezweho muri uyu mwaka.

Kazoza: Aho safiro ahurira na Sci-Fi

Byagenda bite niba Windows ishobora kwisukura? Cyangwa terefone zishyurwa nubushyuhe bwumubiri? Abahanga barota binini:

• Kwiyuhagira Safiro: Nanoparticles yashyizwe muri safiro irashobora kumena umwotsi cyangwa grime iyo ihuye nizuba.
• Ubumaji bwa Thermoelectric: Hindura ubushyuhe bwimyanda iva mu nganda mo amashanyarazi ukoresheje semiconductor ya safiro.
• Umugozi wo kuzamura Umwanya: Mugihe bikiri theoretical, safiro imbaraga-z-uburemere bugira umukandida wa megastructures ya futuristic.