Sapphire, “inyenyeri yo hejuru” yo mu muryango wa Corundum, ni nk'umusore utunganijwe wambaye “ikositimu yimbitse y'ubururu”. Ariko nyuma yo guhura nawe inshuro nyinshi, uzasanga imyenda ye itari "ubururu" gusa, cyangwa "ubururu bwimbitse" gusa. Kuva kuri "ibigori byubururu" kugeza "ubururu bwa cyami", buri bwoko bwubururu buratangaje. Mugihe utekereza ko ubururu ari monotonous, Bizakwereka icyatsi, imvi, umuhondo, orange, umutuku, umutuku nubururu byongeye.
Safiro y'amabara atandukanye
Safiro
Ibigize imiti: Al₂O₃ \ nIbara: Guhindura ibara rya safiro nigisubizo cyo gusimbuza ibintu bitandukanye mumurongo wacyo. Harimo amabara yose yumuryango wa corundum usibye rubini. Gukomera: Gukomera kwa Mohs ni 9, kabiri nyuma ya diyama. Ubucucike: garama 3.95-4.1 kuri santimetero kibe \ nIcyerekezo cyiza: 0.008-0.010 \ nUmucyo: Binyuze mu gice cya kabiri kibonerana, vitreous luster to sub-diamant. Ingaruka idasanzwe ya optique: Safiro zimwe zifite ingaruka zinyenyeri. Nukuvuga, nyuma yo gukata arc kumera no gusya, ibintu byiza imbere (nka rutile) byerekana urumuri, bigatuma hejuru yibuye ryamabuye yerekana imirasire itandatu yinyenyeri.
Amashusho atandatu ya Starlight Sapphire
Ahantu nyaburanga
Ahantu hazwi cyane harimo Madagasikari, Sri Lanka, Miyanimari, Ositaraliya, Ubuhinde ndetse n’ibice bya Afurika.
Safiro ikomoka mu nkomoko zitandukanye ifite imiterere itandukanye. Kurugero, safiro ikorerwa muri Miyanimari, Kashmir no mu tundi turere ifite amabara ya titanium, ikerekana ibara ry'ubururu bwerurutse, mu gihe abo muri Ositaraliya, Tayilande n'Ubushinwa bafite ibara ry'icyuma, bikavamo ibara ryijimye.
Intangiriro yo kubitsa
Ihinduka rya safiro ni inzira igoye, mubisanzwe mubihe bya geologiya.
Impamvu ya Metamorphic: Iyo amabuye akungahaye kuri magnesium (nka marble) ahuye na titanium / fer ikungahaye kuri fer, corundum yavutse kumuvuduko wa 6-12kbar kuri 700-900 ℃. "Ingaruka ya velheti" ya safiro ya Kashmir nukuri "umukono" wibi bidukikije byumuvuduko mwinshi.
Inkomoko ya Magmatic: Magma Basaltic itwara kristu ya corundum iraduka hejuru, ikora ububiko nka Mogu muri Miyanimari. Safiro hano ikunze kubamo rutiite, itunganijwe muburyo bwa "inyenyeri".
Ibiranga imyambi imeze nka rutile muri Mogok safiro yo muri Miyanimari
Ubwoko bwa Pegmatite: Amabuye ya safiro avuye muri Sri Lanka ni "umurage" w'ikirere cya pegmatite ya granitike.
Sri Lankan ushyira safiro ibuye rikomeye
Agaciro no Gukoresha
Imikoreshereze nogukoresha bya safiro murwego rwose nkimitako, siyanse, uburezi no kwerekana ubuhanzi.
Agaciro k'amabuye y'agaciro: Safiro irashimwa cyane kubera ibara ryiza ryayo, ubukana buhanitse kandi burambye, kandi akenshi ikoreshwa mu gukora imitako yo mu rwego rwo hejuru nk'impeta, urunigi, impeta n'impeta.
Safiro y'amabara atandukanye na chromic ion
Ibisobanuro by'ikigereranyo: safiro ishushanya ubudahemuka, guhoraho, ubugwaneza no kuba inyangamugayo, kandi ni ryo buye ry'amavuko muri Nzeri n'itumba.
Gukoresha inganda: Usibye gukoreshwa nk'amabuye y'agaciro, safiro ikoreshwa no mu gukora ibirahuri bya kirisiti ku masaha n'ibikoresho byo mu idirishya ry'ibikoresho bya optique kubera ubukana bwayo bukabije kandi buboneye.
Safiro
Safiro ya sintetike ikorerwa muri laboratoire, ariko imiterere ya chimique, optique na physique irasa nkiy'amabuye y'agaciro.
Amateka yo gushushanya / gutunganya safiro
Mu 1045, amabuye y'agaciro ya corundum yavuwe ku bushyuhe bwa 1100 ° C kugira ngo akureho ubururu bwa rubavu.
Mu 1902, corundum ya mbere yakozwe mu buryo bwa gihanga yakozwe na chimiste w’umufaransa Auguste Verneuil (1856-1913) akoresheje uburyo bwo gushonga bwa flame mu 1902.
Mu 1975, safiro ya geuda yo muri Sri Lanka yashyutswe ku bushyuhe bwinshi (1500 ° C +) kugira ngo ihinduke ubururu.
Mu ci ryo mu 2003, GIA yasohoye ubushakashatsi bushya bw'ingenzi ku ikwirakwizwa rya beryllium muri rubavu na safiro.
Ikamba ikunda bidasanzwe safiro?
Ikamba rya Australiya
Igikanka gikozwe muri zahabu kandi cyometseho amasaro, diyama na rubavu. Hagati yo hejuru yikamba hari safiro itangaje cyane.
Umwamikazi Victoria Sapphire na Nyampinga wa Diamond
Ikamba ryose rikozwe muri zahabu na feza, ubugari bwa santimetero 11,5. Yashyizwe hamwe na 11 ya shitingi na kite imeze nka safiro ikata kandi irimbishijwe na diyama ishaje yacukuwe. Iyi yari impano igikomangoma Albert yahaye Umwamikazi umunsi umwe mbere yubukwe bwe mu 1840.
Ikamba ry'Ingoma y'Ubwongereza
Iri kamba ryashyizweho na rubavu 5, safiro 17, amabuye ya zeru 11, imaragarita 269 na diyama 2.868 z'ubunini butandukanye.
Safiro y'umugabekazi Maria wo mu Burusiya bwa cyami
Umunyarusiya ushushanya Konstantin Makovsky yigeze gushushanya ifoto ya Maria. Mu gushushanya, Maria yambaye imyenda myiza kandi yambaye imyenda yuzuye ya safiro nziza cyane. Muri bo, urunigi imbere y'ijosi ni rwo rushimishije cyane, rushyizweho na ova safiro ipima karat 139.
Safiro ni nziza rwose. Ntibishoboka gutunga imwe. Nyuma ya byose, igiciro kirashobora gutandukana cyane bitewe nibara, ubwumvikane, tekinike yo gukata, uburemere, inkomoko kandi niba yarakozwe neza cyangwa ntabyo. Nyamuneka ube maso mugihe ugura. Erega burya, nikimenyetso cy "ubudahemuka nubwenge". Ntugahungabanye kuri iyo "nyenyeri".
XKH's Sintetike ya safiro ibikoresho byamabuye bikabije:
Urubanza rwa safi ya XKH:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-12-2025