Safira, "inyenyeri ikomeye" y'umuryango wa Corundum, ameze nk'umusore mwiza wambaye "ikoti ry'ubururu bwimbitse". Ariko nyuma yo kumubona kenshi, uzasanga imyenda ye atari "ubururu" gusa, cyangwa ngo "ubururu bwimbitse". Kuva ku "ubururu bw'indabyo z'amatafari" kugeza ku "ubururu bw'ubwami", buri bwoko bw'ubururu burabagirana. Iyo utekereje ko ubururu ari ubw'umutobe gato, Buzakwereka icyatsi kibisi, imvi, umuhondo, umuhondo, umuhengeri, umutuku n'umukara.
Safiro y'amabara atandukanye
Safiro
Imiterere ya chimique: Al₂O₃ \ nIbara: Ihinduka ry'ibara rya safiro riterwa no gusimbuza ibintu bitandukanye mu rutugu rwayo. Harimo amabara yose y'umuryango wa corundum uretse rubi. Ubukomere: Ubukomere bwa Mohs ni 9, bugakurikira diyama gusa. Ubucucike: garama 3.95-4.1 kuri santimetero kibe \ nIgipimo cya Birefractive: 0.008-0.010 \ nUbururu: Bugaragara kugeza ku mucyo, ubururu bwa vitreous kugeza ku mucyo wa sub-diamond. Ingaruka zidasanzwe z'amatara: Amwe muri safiro agira ingaruka z'urumuri rw'inyenyeri. Ni ukuvuga, nyuma yo gukata no gusya nk'umugozi, ibice bito biri imbere (nk'urutare) bigaragaza urumuri, bigatuma hejuru y'amabuye y'agaciro hagaragara imirasire itandatu y'urumuri rw'inyenyeri.
Sapphire y'inyenyeri ifite amasasu atandatu
Uturere tw'ingenzi dukorerwamo umusaruro
Uturere tuzwi cyane dutunganya ibi bicuruzwa harimo Madagasikari, Sri Lanka, Miyanimari, Ositaraliya, Ubuhinde n'ibindi bice bya Afurika.
Amabuye ya safiro akomoka mu nkomoko itandukanye afite imiterere yihariye. Urugero, amabuye ya safiro akorerwa muri Miyanimari, Kashmir n'utundi turere akoreshwa mu ibara rya titaniyumu, agaragaza ibara ry'ubururu burabagirana, mu gihe ayo muri Ositaraliya, Tayilande n'Ubushinwa akoreshwa mu ibara ry'icyuma, bigatuma habaho ibara ryijimye.
Intangiriro y'ingwate
Ikorwa rya safiro ni inzira igoye, akenshi mu bihe runaka by’ubutaka.
Impamvu ya metamorphic: Iyo amabuye akungahaye kuri manyeziyumu (nk'amabuye ya marble) ahuye n'amazi akungahaye kuri titaniyumu/icyuma, corundum ivuka munsi y'umuvuduko wa 6-12kbar kuri 700-900℃. "Ingaruka za velvet" zirimo Kashmir safiro ni zo "zigaragaza" neza neza iki gipimo cy'umuvuduko mwinshi.
Inkomoko ya Magmatic: Magma ya baseltic itwara kristu za corundum irasandara hejuru, ikora ibisigazwa nka Mogu muri Myanmar. Amabuye ya safiro hano akunze kuba arimo rutiite inclusions, atondetse mu ishusho y' "inyenyeri".
Ibishushanyo mbonera by'urutare bifite ishusho y'umwambi biri muri safiro za Mogok zo muri Miyanimari
Ubwoko bwa Pegmatite: Amabuye ya safiro yo muri Sri Lanka ni "umurage" w'ihindagurika ry'ikirere rya pegmatite ya granite.
Ibuye rya safiro ryo muri Sri Lanka rikoreshwa mu gushushanya
Agaciro n'Imikoreshereze
Imikoreshereze n'ikoreshwa rya safiro bikwirakwira mu nzego zitandukanye nko mu mitako, siyansi, uburezi no mu miterere y'ubuhanzi.
Agaciro k'amabuye y'agaciro: Safira irashimirwa cyane kubera ibara ryayo ryiza, gukomera kwayo no kuramba kwayo, kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora imitako ihenze cyane nk'impeta, imikufi, amaherena n'imikufi.
Amasafiro y'amabara atandukanye n'iyoni za chromic
Ibisobanuro by'ikigereranyo: Safira igereranya ubudahemuka, ubudacogora, ubuntu n'ubudahemuka, kandi ni ibuye ry'amavuko rya Nzeri n'umuhindo.
Imikoreshereze y'inganda: Uretse gukoreshwa nk'amabuye y'agaciro, safiro inakoreshwa mu gukora ikirahure cya kristu cyo gukoresha amasaha n'ibikoresho by'amadirishya byo gukoresha ibikoresho by'izuba bitewe n'ubukana bwayo bwinshi no kubonerana kwayo.
safiro y'ubukorikori
Ibuye rya safiro rikorerwa muri laboratwari, ariko imiterere yaryo ya shimi, iy'amaso n'iy'umubiri ni hafi kimwe n'iy'amabuye y'agaciro karemano.
Amateka yo gukora/gutunganya safiro
Mu 1045, amabuye y'agaciro ya corundum yavuwe ku bushyuhe bwa 1100°C kugira ngo akurweho ibara ry'ubururu rya rubi.
Mu 1902, korundum ya mbere yakozwe mu buryo bw'ubukorano yakozwe n'umuhanga mu bya shimi w'Umufaransa Auguste Verneuil (1856-1913) akoresheje uburyo bwo gushonga kw'umuriro mu 1902.
Mu 1975, geuda safiro yo muri Sri Lanka yashyuhijwe ku bushyuhe bwinshi (1500°C+) kugira ngo ihinduke ubururu.
Mu mpeshyi yo mu 2003, GIA yasohoye ubushakashatsi bushya bw'ingenzi ku gukwirakwira kwa beriliyumu muri rubi na safiro.
Ese Umwami akunda cyane amabuye ya safiro?
Ingoma ya Otirishiya
Igitereko cy'amagufwa gikozwe muri zahabu kandi kirimbishijwe amasaro, diyama na korali. Hagati mu ikamba hari safiro irabagirana cyane.
Umwamikazi Victoria Safiro n'ikamba rya Diyama
Ikamba ryose rikozwe mu zahabu na feza, rifite ubugari bwa santimetero 11.5. Rifite amabara 11 ya safiro akozwe mu ishusho y'umusego kandi asa n'ay'ikigina, kandi risharijwe na diyama za kera zaciwe mu mine. Iyi yari impano Igikomangoma Albert yahaye Umwamikazi umunsi umwe mbere y'ubukwe bwe mu 1840.
Ingoma y'Ubwami bw'Ubwongereza
Iri kamba rifite amabuye 5 ya rubi, safiro 17, emerald 11, amasaro 269 na diyama 2,868 z'ingano zitandukanye.
Ibuye rya safiro ry'Umwamikazi Mariya w'Uburusiya bw'Umwamikazi
Umushushanyi w’Umurusiya Konstantin Makovsky yigeze gushushanya ishusho ya Maria. Muri iyo shusho, Maria yambaye imyenda myiza cyane kandi yambaye amakoti meza cyane ya safiro. Muri yo, umukufi uri imbere y’ijosi rye ni wo ukurura amaso cyane, ufite isafuriya y’umuhondo ipima karati 139.
Mu by'ukuri, safiro ni nziza cyane. Ntabwo bishoboka kuyitunga. N'ubundi kandi, igiciro gishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'ibara, ubuziranenge, uburyo bwo kuyikata, uburemere, inkomoko ndetse niba yarakozwe neza cyangwa itakozwe neza. Nyamuneka komeza ube maso mu gihe ugura. N'ubundi kandi, ni ikimenyetso cy' "ubudahemuka n'ubwenge". Ntugahuzwe n'urwo "rumuri rw'inyenyeri".
XKH'Ibikoresho by'amabuye ya safiro y'ubukorikori:
Agasanduku k'isaha ya Sapphire ka XKH:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-12-2025