Kirisiti ya safiro ikura mu ifu yuzuye ya alumina ifite isuku ya> 99,995%, ikaba ari ahantu hanini cyane hakenewe alumina nziza. Berekana imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwinshi, hamwe nimiterere ihamye yimiti, ibafasha gukorera ahantu habi nkubushyuhe bwinshi, ruswa, ningaruka. Zikoreshwa cyane mukwirwanaho kwigihugu, ikoranabuhanga rya gisivili, mikorobe, nizindi nzego.
Kuva kumyunyu ngugu ya alumina yuzuye kugeza kuri kristu ya safiro
1. Ibyingenzi Byingenzi bya safiro
Mu rwego rwo kwirwanaho, kristu ya safiro ikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri windows ya misile. Intambara ya kijyambere isaba ibisobanuro bihanitse muri misile, kandi idirishya rya infragre optique ni ikintu gikomeye kugirango ugere kubyo bisabwa. Urebye ko misile zifite ubushyuhe bukabije bwindege ningaruka mugihe cyindege yihuta, hamwe nibidukikije bikarishye, radome igomba kuba ifite imbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya ingaruka, hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhangana nisuri ituruka kumusenyi, imvura, nibindi bihe bikomeye byikirere. Kirisiti ya safiro, hamwe nogukwirakwiza kwiza kwinshi, imiterere yubukanishi isumba iyindi, hamwe nibiranga imiti ihamye, byahindutse ibikoresho byiza mumadirishya ya misile ya misile.
LED substrates yerekana uburyo bunini bwa safiro. Amatara ya LED afatwa nkimpinduramatwara ya gatatu nyuma ya fluorescent n'amatara azigama ingufu. Ihame rya LED ririmo guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ingufu zoroheje. Iyo umuyaga unyuze muri semiconductor, umwobo na electron birahuza, bikarekura ingufu zirenze muburyo bwumucyo, amaherezo bikamurika. LED chip tekinoroji ishingiye kuri epitaxial wafers, aho ibikoresho bya gaze bishyirwa kumurongo kuri substrate. Ibikoresho nyamukuru byububiko birimo silicon substrate, silicon karbide substrate, na safiro. Muri ibyo, amabuye ya safiro atanga inyungu zingenzi kurenza izindi ebyiri, zirimo gutekinika kw'ibikoresho, tekinoroji yo gutegura ikuze, kutakira urumuri rugaragara, kohereza urumuri rwiza, hamwe nigiciro giciriritse. Amakuru yerekana ko 80% byamasosiyete LED yisi yose akoresha safiro nkibikoresho byabo byubutaka.
Usibye porogaramu zimaze kuvugwa, kristu ya safiro ikoreshwa no mugice cya terefone igendanwa, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, gushushanya imitako, ndetse nkibikoresho byo mu idirishya kubikoresho bitandukanye byerekana siyanse nka lens na prism.
2. Ingano yisoko nibiteganijwe
Bitewe ninkunga ya politiki hamwe no kwagura porogaramu zikoreshwa za chip ya LED, icyifuzo cya substrate ya safiro nubunini bw isoko biteganijwe ko bizagera ku mibare ibiri. Kugeza mu 2025, ibicuruzwa byoherejwe na safiro biteganijwe ko bizagera kuri miliyoni 103 (bihindurwamo insimburangingo ya santimetero 4), bivuze ko byiyongereyeho 63% ugereranije na 2021, hamwe n’ikigereranyo cy’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka (CAGR) cya 13% kuva 2021 kugeza 2025. Kuri substrates, ingano yisoko niterambere ryikwirakwizwa rya safiro iragaragara.
3. Gutegura kristu ya safiro
Kuva mu 1891, igihe umuhanga mu bya shimi w’Abafaransa Verneuil A. yavumburaga uburyo bwa flame fusion bwo gukora kristu y’amabuye y'agaciro ku nshuro ya mbere, ubushakashatsi ku mikurire ya safiro yakozwe na kirisitiya bumaze ibinyejana byinshi. Muri iki gihe, iterambere mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ryateje ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku buhanga bwo gukura bwa safiro kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu nganda kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge bwa kirisiti, kuzamura imikoreshereze, no kugabanya ibiciro by’umusaruro. Uburyo bushya n'ikoranabuhanga bitandukanye byagaragaye mu gukura kristu ya safiro, nk'uburyo bwa Czochralski, uburyo bwa Kyropoulos, uburyo bwo gusobanura amafirime yagabanijwe (EFG), n'uburyo bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe (HEM).
3.1 Uburyo bwa Czochralski bwo gukura kristu ya safiro
Uburyo bwa Czochralski, bwatangijwe na Czochralski J. mu 1918, buzwi kandi nka tekinike ya Czochralski (mu magambo ahinnye nk'uburyo bwa Cz). Mu 1964, Poladino AE na Rotter BD babanje gukoresha ubu buryo kugirango bakure kristu ya safiro. Kugeza magingo aya, yakoze umubare munini wa kirisiti nziza ya safiro. Ihame ririmo gushonga ibikoresho bibisi kugirango bishonge, hanyuma ushire imbuto imwe ya kirisiti mumashanyarazi. Bitewe nubushuhe bwubushuhe kumurongo ukomeye-wamazi, supercooling ibaho, bigatuma gushonga gukomera hejuru yimbuto hanyuma bigatangira gukura kristu imwe ifite imiterere ya kristu imwe nimbuto. Imbuto ikururwa buhoro buhoro mugihe izunguruka ku muvuduko runaka. Nkuko imbuto ikururwa, gushonga bigenda bikomera buhoro buhoro, bigakora kristu imwe. Ubu buryo, bukubiyemo gukuramo kristu ivuye mu gushonga, ni bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo gutegura kristu nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Ibyiza byuburyo bwa Czochralski burimo: (1) umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwihuse, butuma habaho umusaruro wo murwego rwohejuru rwa kristu mugihe gito; . Nyamara, imbogamizi nyamukuru yubu buryo ni ingorane zo gukura kristu nini ya diametre, bigatuma idakwiriye kubyara kristu nini nini.
3.2 Uburyo bwa Kyropoulos bwo gukura kristu ya safiro
Uburyo bwa Kyropoulos, bwahimbwe na Kyropoulos mu 1926 (mu magambo ahinnye yuburyo bwa KY), busangiye ibintu nuburyo bwa Czochralski. Harimo kwibiza imbuto ya kirisiti hejuru yumushonga hanyuma ukayikurura buhoro buhoro kugirango ube ijosi. Igipimo cyo gukomera kumurongo wimbuto-imbuto gihamye, imbuto ntizikururwa cyangwa kuzunguruka. Ahubwo, igipimo cyo gukonjesha kiragenzurwa kugirango yemere kristu imwe gukomera buhoro buhoro kuva hejuru hejuru, amaherezo ikora kristu imwe.
Inzira ya Kyropoulos itanga kristu ifite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, ubwinshi bw inenge, nini, kandi nziza-nziza.
3.3 Uburyo busobanutse bwa Filime-Gukura kwa Federasiyo (EFG) Uburyo bwo Gukura Crystal Safiro
Uburyo bwa EFG nubuhanga bukura bwa kristu. Ihame ryarwo ririmo gushyira hejuru-gushonga-ingingo gushonga muburyo. Gushonga bikururwa hejuru yububiko hakoreshejwe capillary action, aho ihuza imbuto kristu. Nkuko imbuto ikururwa kandi igashonga igakomera, kristu imwe. Ingano nuburyo byububiko bugabanya ibipimo bya kristu. Kubwibyo, ubu buryo bufite aho bugarukira kandi burakwiriye cyane cyane muburyo bwa kristu ya safiro nka tebes hamwe na U-shusho.
3.4 Uburyo bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe (HEM) bwo gukura kristu ya safiro
Uburyo bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe bwo gutegura kristu nini nini ya safiro byavumbuwe na Fred Schmid na Dennis mu 1967. Sisitemu ya HEM igaragaramo uburyo bwiza bwo kubika ubushyuhe, kugenzura ubwigenge bwikigereranyo cy’ubushyuhe mu gushonga na kirisiti, no kugenzura neza. Ugereranije byoroshye kubyara kristu ya safiro hamwe na dislokisiyo nkeya kandi nini.
Ibyiza byuburyo bwa HEM harimo kubura kugenda muburyo bukomeye, kristu, hamwe nubushyuhe mugihe cyo gukura, bikuraho ibikorwa byo gukurura nkibiri muburyo bwa Kyropoulos na Czochralski. Ibi bigabanya kwivanga kwabantu kandi birinda inenge za kristu ziterwa no kugenda kwimashini. Byongeye kandi, igipimo cyo gukonjesha kirashobora kugenzurwa kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwumuriro kandi bivamo guturika kwa kirisiti hamwe nudusembwa twa dislokisiyo. Ubu buryo butuma imikurire nini nini ya kristu, biroroshye gukora, kandi ifite ibyiringiro byiterambere.
Gukoresha ubuhanga bwimbitse mugukura kwa safiro no gutunganya neza, XKH itanga ibisubizo bya nyuma bya safiro wafer ibisubizo byerekeranye no kwirwanaho, LED, hamwe na optoelectronics. Usibye na safiro, dutanga urutonde rwuzuye rwibikoresho bikora neza cyane birimo ibyuma bya silicon karbide (SiC), wafer ya silicon, ibikoresho bya ceramic SiC, nibicuruzwa bya quartz. Turemeza neza ubuziranenge budasanzwe, kwiringirwa, hamwe nubufasha bwa tekiniki mubikoresho byose, dufasha abakiriya kugera kubikorwa byiterambere mubikorwa byiterambere byinganda nubushakashatsi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-29-2025