Ubuyobozi bwuzuye ku bifuniko by'amadirishya bya LiDAR

Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko

I. Imirimo y'ingenzi ya LiDAR Windows: Uretse Uburinzi Busanzwe​

II. Kugereranya Ibikoresho: Uburinganire bw'Imikorere Hagati ya Silika Ivanze na Safira

III. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga irangi: Uburyo bwo kongera imikorere y'urumuri

IV. Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere: Ibipimo by'isuzuma ry'imibare

V. Ingero z'Ikoreshwa: Ishusho Igaragara Kuva ku Gutwara Ubwikorezi Kugera ku Gushakisha Ingufu​

VI. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'ibyerekezo by'ejo hazaza

Mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kumenya urumuri, LiDAR (Kumenya urumuri no Kureba) ikora nk' "amaso" y'imashini, ibona neza isi ya 3D binyuze mu gutanga no kwakira imirasire ya laser. Ayo "maso" akeneye "lensi irinda" ibonerana kugira ngo irinde - iyi ni igipfukisho cy'idirishya cya LiDAR. Si igice cy'ikirahure gisanzwe gusa ahubwo ni igice cy'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho gihuza siyansi y'ibikoresho, igishushanyo mbonera cy'amatara, n'ubuhanga buhanitse. Imikorere yayo igena neza uburyo bwo kumenya neza, urwego, n'uburyo rusange bwo kwizera bwa sisitemu za LiDAR.

Windows 1 y'ikoranabuhanga rya optique

I. Imirimo y'ingenzi: Uretse "Uburinzi"​
Igipfukisho cy'idirishya rya LiDAR ni uburinzi bw'urumuri burambuye cyangwa buzunguruka butwikira igice cyo hanze cya sensor ya LiDAR. Imirimo yabwo y'ingenzi irimo:

1. Uburinzi bw'umubiri​​:Ikura neza ivumbi, ubushuhe, amavuta, ndetse n'imyanda iguruka, ikarinda ibice by'imbere (urugero: imiyoboro ya laser, ibyuma bipima, indorerwamo zo gushakisha).
2. Gufunga ibidukikije​:Nk'igice cy'inzu, ikora agakingirizo k'umwuka gafite ibice by'imiterere kugira ngo igere ku bipimo bya IP bisabwa (urugero, IP6K7/IP6K9K), bigatuma ikora neza mu bihe bikomeye nk'imvura, urubura n'imvura y'umucanga.
3. Kohereza amakuru hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga:Akamaro kayo k'ingenzi ni ukwemerera lasers za wavelength yihariye guca neza nta kugoreka cyane. Kuziba, kugarura urumuri, cyangwa kunyura mu buryo butaziguye bigabanya neza imiterere y'uruhererekane rw'amajwi n'ubwiza bw'ibicu by'aho biherereye.

Amadirishya ya Optical 2

II. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi: Intambara y'Indorerwamo?
Guhitamo ibikoresho ni byo bigena imikorere y'igisenge cy'amadirishya. Inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bishingiye ku kirahuri, ahanini ubwoko bubiri:
1. Ikirahure cya Silika cyahujwe​

• Imiterere:Ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu modoka no mu nganda. Yakozwe muri silica ifite isuku nyinshi, itanga imiterere idasanzwe y'urumuri.

• Ibyiza:

1. Kohereza neza cyane kuva kuri UV kugera kuri IR hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza urumuri buke cyane.
2. Igipimo cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe buke kihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije (-60°C kugeza +200°C) nta guhindagurika.
3. Ubukomere bwinshi (Mohs ~ 7), burwanya kwangirika kw'umucanga/umuyaga.

• Porogaramu:Imodoka zigenga, imodoka zigezweho zo mu nganda, zipima LiDAR.

Idirishya ry'intambwe rya safiro

2. Ikirahure cya Safiro

• Imiterere:α-alumina imwe y’ubukorikori ikoze mu buryo bwa sintetike, igaragaza imikorere myiza cyane.

• Ibyiza:

1. Ubukomere bukabije (Mohs ~ 9, ya kabiri nyuma ya diyama), hafi ya yose ntishobora gushwaragurika.
2. Uburyo bwo kohereza urumuri buringaniye, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi (aho bushongesha ~ 2040°C), hamwe no kudahungabana kw'imiti.

• Imbogamizi:Ihenze cyane, iragoye gutunganya (isaba ibikoresho byo gushushanya diyama), kandi ifite ubucucike bwinshi.
• ?Porogaramu:Ibipimo bya gisirikare byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, iby’indege, n’ibipimo by’ubuhanga buhanitse.

Ikirahuri cy'idirishya gifite impande ebyiri kidasubiza urumuri

III. Gusiga: Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rihindura ibuye zahabu​

Uko ibintu bimeze kose, gusiga irangi ni ingenzi kugira ngo LiDAR ihuze n'ibyo ikenera mu mucyo:

• ?Irangi rirwanya kugarura urumuri (AR):Urusobe rw'ingenzi cyane. Rushyirwa mu cyuma gikingira umwuka (urugero: e-beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering), rugabanya urumuri rw'ubuso kugeza kuri <0.5% ku bunini bw'uburebure bw'umuraba, rukongera uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru kuva kuri ~ 92% kugeza kuri > 99.5%.
• Ubwikorezi bwo gukingira amazi/ubwoba bwa oleophobic:Birinda amazi/amavuta gufatana, bigakomeza kugira isura nziza mu mvura cyangwa ahantu handuye.
• ?Izindi mpapuro zikoreshwa:Filimi zishyushye zikuraho ibintu (zikoresha ITO), urwego rudahinduka, nibindi, ku bikenewe byihariye.

Imbonerahamwe y'uruganda rukora imashini ikoresha umwuka ushyushye

IV. Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imikorere​

Mu gihe uhitamo cyangwa usuzuma igifuniko cy'idirishya rya LiDAR, ibande kuri ibi bipimo:

1. Kohereza kuri interineti @ Uburebure bw'Umuraba:Ijanisha ry'urumuri rwoherezwa ku bunini bw'uburebure bwa LiDAR (urugero, >96% kuri 905nm/1550nm nyuma ya AR).
2. Uburyo itsinda rikorana:Igomba kuba ihuye n'uburebure bw'umurambararo bwa laser (905nm/1550nm); urumuri rugomba kugabanuka (<0.5%).
3. Ubuziranenge bw'ishusho yo hejuru:Amakosa yo kugorama no kugereranya ibintu agomba kuba ≤λ/4 (λ = uburebure bwa laser) kugira ngo hirindwe kugoreka k'urumuri.
4. ?Ubukomere n'Ubudahangarwa:Bipimwe hakoreshejwe igipimo cya Mohs; ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo birambe igihe kirekire.
5. Ubwihangane mu Bidukikije:

• Ubudahangarwa bw'amazi/umukungugu: Ingano ntoya ya IP6K7.
• Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe: Ingano y'imikorere isanzwe iri hagati ya -40°C na +85°C.
• Ubudahangarwa bw'ingufu za UV/umunyu kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika.

LiDAR ishyizwe ku modoka

V. Ingero z'ikoreshwa

Sisitemu za LiDAR hafi ya zose zidafite aho zihuriye n’ibidukikije zikenera ibifuniko by’amadirishya:

• Imodoka zigenga​​:Ishyizwe ku bisenge, ku mabati, cyangwa ku mpande, ireba ku buryo butaziguye ikirere n'imirasire y'izuba.
• Sisitemu zo Gufasha Abashoferi mu Buryo Bugezweho (ADAS):Ihujwe n'imibiri y'imodoka, bisaba ubwumvikane buke.
• AGVs/AMRs​z’inganda:Gukorera mu bubiko/inganda zifite ibyago byo kugongana n'ivumbi.
• Ubushakashatsi no Gusuzuma Ibitekerezo bya kure:Sisitemu ziguruka mu kirere/izifite imodoka zikomeza impinduka mu butumburuke n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.

Umwanzuro?

Nubwo ari igice cyoroshye cy’umubiri, igifuniko cy’idirishya rya LiDAR ni ingenzi cyane mu gutuma LiDAR ibona neza kandi yizewe. Iterambere ryayo rishingira ku guhuza cyane ubumenyi bw’ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga ry’urumuri, inzira zo gusiga, n’ubuhanga mu bidukikije. Uko igihe cyo gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwigenga kigenda gitera imbere, iri "dirishya" rizakomeza gutera imbere, ririnda imiterere nyayo y’imashini.