Ibyiza byo gukoresha no gusesengura uburyo Safira ikoreshwa mu gusiga irangi mu byuma bito

Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko

1. Imiterere idasanzwe y'ibikoresho bya Safira: Ishingiro ry'ibikoresho bya Endoscope bihamye kandi bitanga umusaruro mwinshi​

2. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusiga irangi ku ruhande rumwe: Kugera ku buringanire bwiza hagati y'imikorere y'amaso n'umutekano w'ubuvuzi​

3. Ibisobanuro bihamye byo gutunganya no gusiga: Kwemeza ko endoscope ikora neza kandi ihoraho

4. Ibyiza byinshi ugereranije n'ikirahure gakondo cy'urumuri: Impamvu Safira ari yo ihitamo ryiza cyane

5. Kwemeza ubuvuzi n'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza: Kuva ku mikorere ifatika kugeza ku mupaka w'ikoranabuhanga

Safiro (Al₂O₃), ifite ubukana bwa Mohs bwa 9 (iya kabiri nyuma ya diyama), ifite igipimo gito cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe (5.3 × 10⁻⁶ / K), kandi ikaba idakora neza, ifite imiterere ihamye cyane ya fiziki na shimi hamwe n'imiterere y'urumuri rwagutse (0.15–5.5 μm). Ishyigikiwe n'iyi miterere myiza, safiro yakoreshejwe cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha mu gukora ibice by'urumuri mu byuma binini bikomeye, cyane cyane ibifuniko by'amadirishya birinda cyangwa ibyuma bihuza lenzi.

I. Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya Safira nk'igikoresho cya Endoscopes zikomeye

Mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi, safiro ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bikoresho by'urumuri mu byuma bikingira cyane, cyane cyane ku madirishya arinda cyangwa indorerwamo. Ubukana bwayo bukabije cyane no kudashira kwayo bigabanya cyane ibyago byo gushwanyagurika ku buso mu gihe cyo gukora ku ngirabuzimafatizo, bikarinda kwangirika kw'ingingo guterwa no kwangirika kw'indorerwamo, kandi bigakomeza kwangirika kw'ibikoresho byo kubaga igihe kirekire (urugero: forceps, imikasi), bityo bikongera igihe cyo gukora kwa endoscope.

Safira igaragaza ubushobozi bwo guhuza neza n'ibinyabuzima; ni ibikoresho bidahumanya kandi bifite ubuso bworoshye cyane (bigera ku bushyuhe bwa Ra ≤ 0.5 nm nyuma yo gusigwa), bigabanya gufatana kw'ingingo no kwandura nyuma yo kubagwa. Ibi bituma byoroshye kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho ya ISO 10993 yerekeye uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi. Irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko, bitewe n'ubushyuhe buke (5.3 × 10⁻⁶ / K), bituma ishobora kwihanganira imikorere irenga 1000 yo gusukura umwuka ushyushye kuri 134°C idacitse cyangwa ngo igire ingaruka mbi ku mikorere.

Imiterere myiza y'urumuri iha safiro ubushobozi bwo kohereza amashusho mu buryo bwagutse (0.15–5.5 μm). Uburyo bwo kohereza amashusho burenze 85% mu buryo bw'urumuri rugaragara, bigatuma habaho urumuri ruhagije. Igipimo cyo hejuru cyo kugarura amashusho (1.76 @ 589 nm) gituma habaho uburebure buto bw'indorerwamo, bityo bigatuma endoscopes zikora neza.

II. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga

Mu byuma bikonjesha, irangi ryo ku ruhande rumwe (rikunze gushyirwa ku ruhande rudakora ku ruhu) ku bice bya safiro ni igishushanyo gishya gihuza imikorere n'umutekano.

1. Gutunganya imikorere y'amatara ku ruhande rutwikiriwe​

• Irangi rirwanya kugarura urumuri (AR):Ishyizwe imbere mu buso bwa lens (uruhande rudahuza n'ingingo), igabanya ubushobozi bwo kugarura urumuri (kugaragara k'ubuso bumwe < 0.2%), yongera uburyo urumuri rutuma amashusho anyurana, yirinda ko amashusho ashobora gukwirakwira mu buryo bubiri, kandi yoroshya uburyo bwo kugenzura amashusho.
• Ese?Ubwikorezi bwo kurwanya ibihu:Birinda ko ubuso bw'imbere bw'indorerwamo buhinduka nk'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo kubagwa, bigatuma imiterere y'imbere y'indorerwamo ikomeza kugaragara neza.

2. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'umutekano ku ruhande rudapfutse (Urubavu rufatanye n'udusimba)

• Kubungabunga Imiterere y'Icyatsi cya Sapphire:Ikoresha uburyo bworoshye kandi buhamye bwo hejuru y’ubuso bwa safiro, yirinda ibyago byo gushishwa bitewe n’uko ikoze ku ruhu cyangwa imiti yica udukoko igihe kirekire. Ikuraho impaka zishobora kubaho ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho byo gushishwa (urugero: oxyde z’icyuma) n’ingingo z’umubiri w’umuntu.
• Uburyo bworoshye bwo kubungabunga:Uruhande rudapfutse rushobora gukorana n'imiti ikomeye yo kwica udukoko nka alcool na hydrogen peroxide nta kibazo cy'uko irangi ryangirika.

III. Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki mu gutunganya no gusiga ibice bya safiro

1. Ibisabwa mu gutunganya substrate ya sapphire​​

• Ubuziranenge bwa Jewometiri: Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umurambararo ≤ ± 0.01 mm (umurambararo usanzwe wa endoscope ntoya ni mm 3–5).
• Uburinganire <λ / 8 (λ = 632.8 nm), Inguni ya <0.1 °.
• Ubwiza bw'ubuso: Ubukana bwa Ra ≤ 1 nm ku buso bufatanye n'ingingo kugira ngo hirindwe udukoko duto twangiza ingingo.

2. Amahame ngenderwaho yo gusiga uruhande rumwe​

• Gufatana: Yatsinze ikizamini cya ISO 2409 cyo gukata (Icyiciro cya 0, nta gukata).
• Ubudahangarwa bwo Gusukura: Nyuma y'ingendo 1000 zo gusukura hakoreshejwe umuvuduko mwinshi, impinduka zo kugaragara k'ubuso butwikiriye ni < 0.1%.
• Imiterere y'Ingufu Zikora: Ingufu zirinda kugaragara zigomba gutwikira uburebure bw'umurambararo bwa nm 400–900, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kohereza urumuri ku buso bumwe > 99.5%.

IV. Isesengura rigereranya ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu irushanwa (urugero, ikirahure cy'urumuri)​

Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igereranya imiterere y'ingenzi ya safiro n'ikirahure gakondo cy'urumuri (nka BK7):

V. Ibisubizo by'ubuvuzi n'amabwiriza yo kunoza

1. Ibisubizo by'ingirakamaro ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa​

• Isuzuma ry'umuganga uvura indwara:Endoscope zihamye za safiro zigabanya cyane ibibazo byo kubura isura y'ijisho mu kubaga laparoscopic, bigabanya igihe cyo kubaga. Ubuso budafite irangi burinda gufatana neza mu mitsi yo mu bwonko mu gukoresha endoscope ya ENT.
• Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga:Igipimo cyo gusana endoscope za safiro cyagabanutseho hafi 40%, nubwo ikiguzi cyo kugura mbere kiri hejuru.

Ese?

2. Amabwiriza yo kunoza tekiniki​

• Ese?Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga irangi rivanze:Gushyiramo AR n'udupira turwanya static ku ruhande rudakora kugira ngo bigabanye gufatana kw'umukungugu.
• Gutunganya Safiro mu buryo budasanzwe:Gukora amadirishya akingira ya safiro afite imitako cyangwa imiterere igoramye kugira ngo ahuze n'udukoresho duto tw'uburebure (< 2 mm).

Umwanzuro​

Safiro yabaye igikoresho cy'ingenzi cya endoscope zikomeye cyane bitewe n'uburyo ikora neza mu bukonje, umutekano w'ibinyabuzima, n'imikorere yayo. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ipamba ry'uruhande rumwe gikoresha ipamba kugira ngo cyongere imikorere myiza y'ipamba mu gihe kibungabunga umutekano w'ubuso bufatanye. Ubu buryo bwagaragaye ko ari igisubizo cyizewe gihura n'ibikenewe mu buvuzi. Uko ibiciro byo gutunganya safiro bigabanuka, byitezwe ko ikoreshwa ryayo mu rwego rwa endoscope rizarushaho kwiyongera, bigatuma ibikoresho byo kubaga bidakunda kwangirika birushaho kugira umutekano no kuramba.