Muri diode zitanga urumuri zishingiye kuri GaN (LEDs), iterambere rikomeje mu buhanga bwo gukura kwa epitaxial n'imiterere y'ibikoresho byatumye imikorere ya quantum y'imbere (IQE) irushaho kuba hafi y'urugero rwayo rw'amahame. Nubwo hari iterambere rikomeje, imikorere y'urumuri rwa LED muri rusange iracyari nke cyane bitewe n'imikorere yo gukura urumuri (LEE). Kubera ko safiro ikomeje kuba ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya epitaxy ya GaN, imiterere yayo y'ubuso igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura igihombo cy'urumuri muri iyo mashini.

Iyi nkuru igaragaza igereranya ryimbitse hagati y’ibice by’amabuye bya safiro n’ibice by’ibishushanyoibikomoka kuri safiro (PSS)Isobanura uburyo bwo gukoresha urumuri n'ubutare bwa kristalo binyuze muri PSS, aho irushaho kunoza imikorere y'urumuri, kandi igasobanura impamvu PSS yabaye ihame mu gukora LED nziza cyane.

1. Gukoresha neza ibikoresho byo gukuramo urumuri nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi gifasha mu gukurura

Ubuhanga bwa quantum bwo hanze (EQE) bwa LED bugenwa n'umusaruro w'ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi:

$EQE=IQE\times LEE\backslash text\{EQE\}\; =\; \backslash text\{IQE\}\; \backslash times\; \backslash text\{LEE\}$

EQE=IQE×LEE

Nubwo IQE ipima ubushobozi bwo kongera gukora imirasire mu gace gakora, LEE isobanura igice cya fotoni zakozwe zisohoka neza muri icyo gikoresho.

Ku bijyanye na za LED zishingiye kuri GaN zihingwa ku duce twa safiro, LEE mu bishushanyo bisanzwe ikunze kugarukira kuri 30–40%. Iyi mbogamizi ikomoka ahanini kuri:

• Ubudasa bukomeye bw'ibara rya refractive hagati ya GaN (n ≈ 2.4), safiro (n ≈ 1.7), n'umwuka (n ≈ 1.0)

• Ishusho y'imbere ikomeye (TIR) ​​ku miyoboro ihuza imiterere y'imbere

• Gufata photon mu bice bya epitaxial na substrate

Kubera iyo mpamvu, igice kinini cya fotoni zikorwa zinyura mu mucyo mwinshi w’imbere hanyuma zigahita zitwarwa n’ibintu cyangwa zigahinduka ubushyuhe aho kugira uruhare mu gutanga urumuri rw’ingirakamaro.

2. Ibice by'inyuma bya Sapphire: Uburyo bworoshye bwo kubaka hamwe n'imbogamizi z'urumuri

2.1 Ibiranga imiterere

Ubusanzwe, uduce twa safiro dukoresha icyerekezo cya c-plane (0001) gifite ubuso bworoshye kandi bugororotse. Byakunze gukoreshwa cyane bitewe na:

• Ubwiza bwo hejuru bwa kristale

• Ubudahangarwa bwiza cyane bw'ubushyuhe n'imiti

• Uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bugezweho kandi buhendutse

2.2 Imyitwarire y'amaso

Mu buryo bw'izuba, imiterere y'urumuri iyobora inzira zo gukwirakwiza fotoni mu cyerekezo gikomeye kandi zitegerejwe. Iyo fotoni zakorewe mu gace gakora ka GaN zigeze ku miterere ya GaN–air cyangwa GaN–safiro ku nguni z'impanuka zirenze inguni y'ingenzi, ubwiza bw'imbere bwose bubaho.

Ibi bitanga umusaruro:

• Gufungana gukomeye kwa fotoni mu gikoresho

• Kongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ibintu hakoreshejwe electrode z'icyuma n'imiterere y'ubusembwa

• Ikwirakwizwa ry'urumuri rusohoka mu buryo buciriritse

Mu by’ukuri, uduce duto twa safiro tudafasha cyane mu guhangana n’ingufu z’amaso.

3. Ibishushanyo bya Safiro: Igitekerezo n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere

Ishusho ya safiro ifite imiterere (PSS) ikorwa binyuze mu gushyira imiterere ya micro- cyangwa nanoscale ku buso bwa safiro hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa photolithography na etching.

Imiterere isanzwe ya PSS irimo:

• Inyubako zifite ishusho y'urukiramende

• Inzu z'imbere

• Ibiranga piramide

• Imiterere y'inyuma cyangwa iy'inyuma

Ingano zisanzwe z'ibiranga zihera kuri mikorometero ntoya kugeza kuri mikorometero nyinshi, hamwe n'uburebure, umuvuduko, n'imikorere bigenzurwa neza.

4. Uburyo bwo kongera ubushobozi bwo gukura urumuri muri PSS

4.1 Guhagarika ibitekerezo byose by'imbere

Imiterere y’imiterere ya PSS ifite imiterere itatu ihindura inguni z’aho ibintu bihurira ku miterere y’ibikoresho. Fotoni zashoboraga kubona ishusho y’imbere ku mupaka ugororotse zijyanwa mu nguni ziri mu gice cyo gusohoka, bikongera cyane amahirwe yo gusohoka muri icyo gikoresho.

4.2 Gukwirakwiza neza amatara no gushakisha inzira mu buryo butaziguye

Imiterere ya PSS izana ibintu byinshi byo kugarura no kugarura ibitekerezo, biganisha kuri:

• Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza fotoni mu buryo butaziguye

• Kongera imikoranire n'uburyo bwo gukura urumuri

• Kugabanya igihe cyo kuba muri fotoni muri igikoresho

Mu mibare, izi ngaruka zongerera amahirwe yo gukuramo fotoni mbere yuko ikwirakwizwa.

4.3 Gupima neza igipimo cy'ikirahure gishingiye ku bushobozi

Ukurikije uburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere y'izuba, PSS ikora nk'urwego rukora neza rwo guhindura imiterere y'izuba. Aho guhindura imiterere y'izuba kuva kuri GaN kugera ku mwuka, agace gafite imiterere gatanga ihinduka ry'imiterere y'izuba buhoro buhoro, bityo bigabanye igihombo cyo kugaragara kwa Fresnel.

Ubu buryo bufitanye isano n'ibishushanyo birwanya kugaragara, nubwo bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rya optique aho gukoresha icyuma gito.

4.4 Kugabanya mu buryo butaziguye igihombo cyo kwinjiza amatara mu maso

Mu kugabanya uburebure bw'inzira ya fotoni no kugabanya ubwiyongere bw'inyuma bugaruka, PSS igabanya amahirwe yo kwinjiza urumuri hakoreshejwe:

• Ibyuma bikoranaho

• Imiterere y'ubusembwa bwa kristale

• Gukoresha ibikoresho byo gutwara ibintu mu buryo bw'ubuntu muri GaN

Izi ngaruka zigira uruhare mu gukora neza no kunoza imikorere y'ubushyuhe.

5. Inyungu Zindi: Kunoza Ubwiza bwa Crystal

Uretse kongera ubushobozi bw'amaso, PSS inanoza ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bya epitaxial binyuze mu buryo bwo gukura cyane kw'inyuma ya epitaxial (LEO):

• Guhinduka kw'ahantu haturuka kuri interface ya safiro-GaN bisubizwa inyuma cyangwa bigahagarikwa

• Ubucucike bw'imigozi bugabanuka cyane

• Ubwiza buhanitse bwa kristale butuma igikoresho kidahinduka kandi kigakomeza gukora neza

Iyi nyungu ebyiri z'amatara n'imiterere y'amatara zitandukanya PSS n'uburyo bwo gushushanya ubuso gusa.

6. Igereranya ry'ingano: Flat Sapphire vs. PSS

Inyungu nyazo mu mikorere ziterwa n'imiterere y'ibishushanyo, uburebure bw'umuvuduko w'ibyuka bihumanya, imiterere y'udupira tw'imashini, n'ingamba zo gupakira.

7. Ibitekerezo ku birebana n'ubucuruzi n'ubwubatsi

Nubwo hari ibyiza byayo, PSS izana imbogamizi nyinshi zifatika:

• Intambwe z'inyongera zo gushushanya no gushushanya zongera ikiguzi cyo gukora

• Uburinganire bw'ibishushanyo n'ubujyakuzimu bw'ibishushanyo bisaba kugenzura neza

• Imiterere idatunganyijwe neza ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buryo epitaxial ingana

Kubwibyo, gutunganya PSS ni akazi gakorwa mu nzego zitandukanye karimo kwigana amashusho, ubuhanga bwo gukura kwa epitaxial, no gushushanya ibikoresho.

8. Uko inganda zihagaze n'uko hazaza hazoza

Mu nganda zigezweho za LED, PSS ntabwo ifatwa nk'inyongeramusaruro ku bushake. Mu bikoresho bya LED bifite ingufu ziciriritse n'izikomeye—harimo urumuri rusange, amatara y'imodoka, n'amatara agaragara inyuma—byahindutse ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze.

Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza birimo:

• Imiterere ya PSS igezweho yagenewe porogaramu za Mini-LED na Micro-LED

• Uburyo bwo guhuza PSS na kristu z'ifotoni cyangwa imiterere y'ubuso bwa nanoscale

• Hakomeje gushyirwa imbaraga mu kugabanya ikiguzi no kwagura ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya

Umwanzuro

Imiterere ya safiro ifite imiterere igaragaza impinduka y'ibanze kuva ku nkunga za mekanike zidakora kugeza ku bice by'imikorere y'amatara n'imiterere mu bikoresho bya LED. Mu gukemura ikibazo cyo gutakaza urumuri mu mizi yabyo—ni ukuvuga gufungana kw'amatara no kugaragaza urumuri—PSS ituma habaho imikorere myiza, kunoza ubwizerwe, no gukora neza kw'ibikoresho.

Mu buryo bunyuranye, nubwo substrates za safiro zikomeje kuba nziza bitewe n’uko zikora neza kandi zikaba zihendutse, ubushobozi bwazo bwo gukoresha urumuri buragabanuka, imbogamizi zabyo zituma zidashobora gukoreshwa na za LED zo mu gihe kizaza zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane. Uko ikoranabuhanga rya LED rikomeza gutera imbere, PSS ni urugero rwiza rw’uburyo ubuhanga mu by’ibikoresho bushobora guhindura mu buryo butaziguye imikorere y’urwego rwa sisitemu.