Mu 1965, Gordon Moore washinze Intel yavuze icyahindutse “Amategeko ya Moore.” Mu gihe kirenga igice cy'ikinyejana byashimangiye inyungu zihoraho mu mikorere ya sisitemu (IC) no kugabanuka kw'ibiciro - ishingiro ry'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Muri make: umubare wa tristoriste kuri chip wikubye kabiri buri myaka ibiri.
Kumyaka, iterambere ryakurikiranye iyo kadence. Ubu ishusho irahinduka. Ubundi kugabanuka kwabaye ingorabahizi; ingano yimiterere iri munsi ya nanometero nkeya. Ba injeniyeri biruka mumipaka igaragara, intambwe igoye yintambwe, hamwe nibiciro bizamuka. Gometero ntoya nayo igabanya umusaruro, bigatuma umusaruro mwinshi utoroshye. Kubaka no gukora imbere ya fab isaba imari nini nubuhanga. Benshi rero bavuga ko Amategeko ya Moore atakaza imbaraga.
Ihinduka ryakinguye inzira yuburyo bushya: chiplet.
Chiplet ni urupfu ruto rukora umurimo wihariye - mubyukuri igice cyicyahoze ari chip imwe ya monolithic. Muguhuza chiplet nyinshi mumapaki imwe, abayikora barashobora guteranya sisitemu yuzuye.
Mugihe cya monolithic, ibikorwa byose byabayeho kumupfa umwe munini, kuburyo inenge aho ariho hose yashoboraga gukuraho chip yose. Hamwe na chiplet, sisitemu yubatswe kuva "bizwi-byiza gupfa" (KGD), bitezimbere cyane umusaruro no gukora neza.
Kwishyira hamwe kwa Heterogeneous-guhuza ibipfa byubatswe kumikorere itandukanye no kubikorwa bitandukanye - bituma chiplet ikomeye cyane. Imikorere-yimikorere ihanitse irashobora gukoresha imiyoboro igezweho, mugihe kwibuka hamwe nizunguruka bigumaho kuri tekinoroji ikuze, ihendutse. Igisubizo: imikorere ihanitse ku giciro gito.
Inganda zimodoka zirashimishijwe byumwihariko. Abakora amamodoka manini bakoresha ubwo buryo kugirango bateze imbere ibinyabiziga SoCs, hamwe noguhuza abantu benshi nyuma ya 2030. Chiplets ibemerera gupima AI hamwe nubushushanyo bunoze mugihe bitezimbere umusaruro - bizamura imikorere nibikorwa mumashanyarazi yimodoka.
Ibice bimwe byimodoka bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwimikorere-umutekano bityo bigashingira kumutwe ushaje, byagaragaye. Hagati aho, sisitemu zigezweho nkubufasha-bugezweho (ADAS) hamwe nibinyabiziga bisobanurwa na software (SDVs) bisaba kubara cyane. Chiplets ikuraho icyo cyuho: muguhuza microcontrollers-urwego rwumutekano, ububiko bunini, hamwe na moteri yihuta ya AI, abayikora barashobora guhuza SoCs kubyo buri modoka ikora - byihuse.
Izi nyungu zirenze imodoka. Ubwubatsi bwa Chiplet bukwirakwira muri AI, itumanaho, no mubindi bice, byihutisha udushya mu nganda kandi byihuse bihinduka inkingi yumuhanda wa semiconductor.
Kwishyira hamwe kwa Chiplet biterwa no guhuza, kwihuta cyane gupfa-gupfa. Urufunguzo rushoboza ni interposer - urwego ruri hagati, akenshi silikoni, munsi yimfu zerekana inzira nkibimenyetso bito byumuzunguruko. Guhuza neza bisobanura guhuza cyane no guhanahana ibimenyetso byihuse.
Gupakira neza kandi biteza imbere amashanyarazi. Umurongo wuzuye wibyuma bito bihuza hagati yurupfu bitanga inzira zihagije kubigezweho hamwe namakuru ndetse no mumwanya muto, bigafasha kwaguka kwinshi mugihe ukoresha neza ahantu hapakiye.
Uyu munsi inzira nyamukuru ni 2.5D kwishyira hamwe: gushyira impfu nyinshi kuruhande rumwe kuri interposer. Gusimbuka gukurikiraho ni 3D ihuza, igapfa ihagaritse ukoresheje vi-silicon vias (TSVs) kugirango habeho ubucucike buri hejuru.
Gukomatanya moderi ya chip moderi (gutandukanya imikorere nubwoko bwumuzunguruko) hamwe na 3D stacking itanga umusaruro byihuse, bito, byinshi bikoresha ingufu za semiconductor. Gufatanya kwibuka hamwe na compte bitanga umurongo munini kuri datasets nini-nziza kuri AI hamwe nindi mirimo ikora cyane.
Gutondekanya neza, ariko, bizana ibibazo. Ubushyuhe bukusanya byoroshye, bigoye gucunga ubushyuhe numusaruro. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, abashakashatsi barimo guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo gupakira kugira ngo bakemure neza inzitizi z’ubushyuhe. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, imbaraga zirakomeye: guhuza chiplet no guhuza 3D bifatwa nkaho ari paradizo idahwitse - yiteguye gutwara itara aho Amategeko ya Moore ava.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-15-2025