Mu 1965, umwe mu bashinze Intel, Gordon Moore, yavuze icyaje kuba "Itegeko rya Moore." Mu gihe kirenga mirongo itanu, byakomeje gutera imbere mu mikorere ya IC no kugabanuka kw'ibiciro—ishingiro ry'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya digitale. Muri make: umubare wa transistors kuri chip wikuba kabiri buri myaka ibiri.
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, iterambere ryakurikiranye iryo hindagurika. Ubu ishusho irimo irahinduka. Kugabanuka kurushaho kwarushijeho kugorana; ingano y'ibiranga igabanuka kugeza kuri nanometero nke gusa. Abahanga mu by'imashini barimo gukoresha ubushobozi buke, intambwe zigoye mu mikorere, ndetse n'ibiciro bizamuka. Imiterere mito nayo igabanya umusaruro, bigatuma umusaruro mwinshi ugorana. Kubaka no gukoresha ibintu byiza bisaba igishoro kinini n'ubuhanga bwinshi. Benshi bavuga ko itegeko rya Moore ririmo gutakaza imbaraga.
Iryo hinduka ryafunguye amarembo ku buryo bushya: chiplets.
Chiplet ni agace gato gakora umurimo runaka—mu by’ukuri ni agace k’icyahoze ari chip imwe ya monolithic. Mu gushyira chiplet nyinshi mu ipaki imwe, abakora bashobora guteranya sisitemu yuzuye.
Mu gihe cya monolithic, imikorere yose yabaga kuri diye imwe nini, bityo inenge aho ari ho hose yashoboraga gukuraho diye yose. Hamwe na diye, sisitemu zubatswe muri "diye izwi-nziza" (KGD), binongera cyane umusaruro n'imikorere myiza mu nganda.
Guhuza ibintu bitandukanye—guhuza ibikoresho byubakiye ku miterere itandukanye y’imikorere no ku mikorere itandukanye—bituma chiplets zikomera cyane. Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikoresha ubushobozi bwo hejuru bishobora gukoresha imiterere igezweho, mu gihe ububiko bw’amakuru n’amashusho y’amakuru akoreshwa mu buryo bwa analog biguma ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi rihendutse. Ingaruka: imikorere iri hejuru ku giciro gito.
Inganda z’imodoka zirashishikajwe cyane. Abakora imodoka bakomeye barimo gukoresha ubu buryo kugira ngo bateze imbere SoCs zizakoreshwa mu modoka, hagamijwe kuzikoresha ku bwinshi nyuma ya 2030. Chiplets zibareka bakazamura ubuhanga bwa AI n’amashusho neza mu gihe bongera umusaruro—bongera imikorere n’imikorere muri semiconductors z’imodoka.
Ibice bimwe na bimwe by'imodoka bigomba kubahiriza amahame akomeye y'umutekano bityo bigashingira ku nsinga zishaje kandi zemejwe. Hagati aho, sisitemu zigezweho nka ADAS (advanced driver-assistance) na porogaramu zigaragaza imodoka (SDVs) zisaba konti nyinshi cyane. Chiplets zihuza icyo cyuho: binyuze mu guhuza microcontrollers zo mu rwego rw'umutekano, large memory, na AI accelerators zikomeye, abakora imodoka bashobora guhuza SoCs n'ibyo buri mukinnyi akeneye - vuba.
Izi nyungu ntizigarukira ku modoka. Imiterere ya chiplet irimo gukwirakwira mu ikoranabuhanga rya AI, itumanaho, n'izindi nzego, yihutisha udushya mu nganda kandi yihuta iba inkingi y'inzira ya semiconductor.
Guhuza Chiplet biterwa n'imiyoboro mito kandi yihuta cyane. Ikintu cy'ingenzi gifasha ni interposer—urwego rwo hagati, akenshi silicon, munsi y'imiyoboro ijyana ibimenyetso nk'akabaho gato k'uruziga. Interposer nziza bivuze guhuza neza no guhanahana ibimenyetso vuba.
Gupfunyika neza kandi binoza uburyo bwo gutanga ingufu. Uduce twinshi tw’ibyuma bito bihuza ibyuma bitanga inzira nyinshi zo gukoresha ingufu n’amakuru ndetse no mu mwanya muto, bigatuma habaho kohereza amakuru menshi mu gihe hakoreshejwe neza ahantu hato ho gupfunyika.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo muri iki gihe ni uguhuza 2.5D: gushyira ibyuma byinshi iruhande rw'icyuma gikoresha interposer. Intambwe ikurikiraho ni uguhuza 3D, aho ibyuma bishyirwa mu buryo buhagaze hakoreshejwe vias za through-silicon (TSVs) kugira ngo birusheho kuba byinshi.
Guhuza imiterere ya chip ya modular (gutandukanya imikorere n'ubwoko bwa circuit) hamwe na 3D stacking bitanga semiconductors zikoresha ingufu vuba, nto, kandi zikoresha ingufu nyinshi. Guhuza ububiko na mudasobwa bitanga bandwidth nini ku makuru manini—ni byiza kuri AI n'indi mirimo ikomeye.
Icyakora, gushyira hamwe ibintu mu buryo bugororotse bizana imbogamizi. Ubushyuhe burushaho kwiyongera, bigatuma imicungire y'ubushyuhe n'umusaruro birushaho kugorana. Kugira ngo ibi bikemuke, abashakashatsi barimo guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo gupakira kugira ngo bashobore guhangana neza n'imbogamizi z'ubushyuhe. Nubwo bimeze bityo, imbaraga zirakomeye: guhuza kwa chiplets na 3D bifatwa nk'ikintu gihungabanya ubuzima—biteguye gutwara urumuri aho Moore's Law igarukira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15 Ukwakira 2025