Ku wa gatatu, Perezida Biden yatangaje amasezerano yo guha Intel inkunga ingana na miliyari 8.5 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu buryo butaziguye na miliyari 11 z'amadolari y'inguzanyo hakurikijwe itegeko rya CHIPS n'ubumenyi.Intel izakoresha iyi nkunga muri wafer fabs muri Arizona, Ohio, New Mexico, na Oregon.Nkuko twabitangarijwe mu kinyamakuru cyacu cyo mu Kuboza 2023, itegeko rya CHIPS ritanga inkunga ingana na miliyari 52.7 z'amadolari y'Amerika yo gutera inkunga inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi muri Amerika, harimo miliyari 39 z'amadolari yo gutera inkunga inganda.Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda za Semiconductor (SIA) rivuga ko mbere yo kugenerwa Intel, itegeko rya CHIPS ryari rimaze gutanga miliyari 1.7 z'amadorali muri GlobalFoundries, Microchip Technology, na BAE Sisitemu.
Iterambere ku nkunga yatanzwe n’itegeko rya CHIPS ryatinze, hamwe n’igabanywa rya mbere ryatangajwe mu gihe cyumwaka ushize.Bitewe no gutanga buhoro, imishinga minini ya semiconductor fab muri Amerika yatinze.TSMC yanagaragaje ingorane zo kubona abakozi bubaka babishoboye.Intel yavuze ko gutinda igice gutinda kugurisha.
Ibindi bihugu nabyo byageneye amafaranga yo guteza imbere umusaruro wa semiconductor.Muri Nzeri 2023, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi watoye itegeko ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi, riteganya miliyari 430 z’amayero (hafi miliyari 470 $) mu ishoramari rya Leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi.Mu Gushyingo 2023, Ubuyapani bwageneye miliyoni 2 z'amapound (hafi miliyari 13 z'amadolari) yo gukora igice cya kabiri.Tayiwani yashyizeho amategeko muri Mutarama 2024 kugira ngo itange imisoro ku masosiyete akora imashanyarazi.Muri Werurwe 2023, Koreya y'Epfo yemeje umushinga w'itegeko ryo gutanga imisoro ku ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku ngamba, harimo na semiconductor.Biteganijwe ko Ubushinwa buzashyiraho guverinoma ishyigikiwe na miliyari 40 z'amadorali yo gutera inkunga inganda zayo.
Ni ubuhe buryo buteganijwe gukoreshwa mu nganda zikoreshwa mu gice cya kabiri (CapEx) muri uyu mwaka?Itegeko rya CHIPS rigamije gushimangira amafaranga yakoreshejwe, ariko ingaruka nyinshi ntizigaragara kugeza nyuma ya 2024. Umwaka ushize, isoko rya semiconductor ryagabanutseho 8.2%, bituma ibigo byinshi bifata ingamba zo kwitondera amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu 2024. Turagereranya iyo semiconductor yose CapEx muri 2023 yari miliyari 169 z'amadolari, igabanuka rya 7% kuva 2022. Turateganya ko CapEx yagabanutseho 2% muri 2024.
Hamwe no kugarura isoko ryo kwibuka hamwe n’uko biteganijwe ko izamuka ry’ibisabwa biva mu bikorwa bishya nk’ubwenge bw’ubukorikori, biteganijwe ko amasosiyete akomeye yo kwibuka azongera amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu 2024. Samsung irateganya gukomeza gukoresha amafaranga make mu 2024 kuri miliyari 37 z'amadolari ariko ntiyagabanije igishoro. amafaranga yakoreshejwe muri 2023. Ikoranabuhanga rya Micron na SK Hynix ryagabanije cyane amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu 2023 kandi riteganya kuzamura imibare ibiri muri 2024.
Uruganda runini, TSMC, ruteganya gukoresha hafi miliyari 28 kugeza kuri miliyari 32 z'amadolari mu 2024, hamwe n’umuhuza wa miliyari 30 z'amadolari, kugabanukaho 6% kuva mu 2023. SMIC irateganya gukomeza gukoresha amafaranga asohoka mu gihe UMC iteganya kwiyongera 10%.GlobalFoundries iteganya ko igabanuka ry’amafaranga 61% mu 2024 ariko izongera amafaranga mu myaka mike iri imbere hubakwa fab nshya i Malta, muri New York.
Mu bikoresho bikomatanyirijwe hamwe (IDMs), Intel irateganya kongera amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu 2% muri 2024 ikagera kuri miliyari 26.2.Intel izongera ubushobozi kubakiriya bashinze nibicuruzwa byimbere.Texas Instruments amafaranga yakoreshejwe asigaye hafi.TI irateganya gukoresha hafi miliyari 5 z'amadolari ku mwaka kugeza mu 2026, cyane cyane kuri fab yayo nshya i Sherman, muri Texas.STMicroelectronics izagabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe 39%, mugihe Infineon Technologies izagabanukaho 3%.
Biteganijwe ko Samsung, TSMC, na Intel, abantu batatu bakoresha amafaranga menshi, biteganijwe ko bagera kuri 57% by’inganda zikoreshwa mu nganda zikoreshwa mu gice cya 2024.
Ni uruhe rwego rukwiye rwo gukoresha imari ugereranije n'isoko rya semiconductor?Guhindagurika kw'isoko rya semiconductor birazwi.Mu myaka 40 ishize, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka waragabanutse uva kuri 46% mu 1984 ugera kuri 32% muri 2001. Mu gihe ihindagurika ry’inganda ryagabanutse no gukura, umuvuduko w’iterambere wageze kuri 26% mu myaka itanu ishize.Yagabanutseho 12% muri 2021 na 12% muri 2019. Amasosiyete ya Semiconductor akeneye gutegura ubushobozi bwayo mumyaka iri imbere.Kubaka fab nshya mubisanzwe bifata imyaka ibiri, hamwe nigihe gikenewe mugutegura no gutera inkunga.Nkigisubizo, igipimo cyamafaranga yakoreshejwe igice kinini cyakoreshejwe kumasoko ya semiconductor kiratandukanye cyane, nkuko bigaragara hano hepfo.
2 --- Carbide ya Silicon: Kugana ibihe bishya bya wafer
Ikigereranyo cy’imari iciriritse yakoreshejwe mu bunini ku isoko cyavuye hejuru ya 34% kugeza munsi ya 12%.Ikigereranyo cyimyaka itanu cyagereranijwe kiri hagati ya 28% na 18%.Mu gihe cyose kuva 1980 kugeza 2023, amafaranga yakoreshejwe angana na 23% yisoko rya semiconductor.Nubwo ihindagurika, icyerekezo kirekire cyiki kigereranyo gikomeza kuba cyiza.Dushingiye ku kuzamuka gukomeye kw'isoko no kugabanuka kw'amafaranga yakoreshejwe, turateganya ko iki gipimo kizagabanuka kiva kuri 32% muri 2023 kigera kuri 27% muri 2024.
Ibiteganijwe byinshi byerekana ko isoko rya semiconductor ryiyongera ku kigero cya 13% kugeza kuri 20% muri 2024. Ubwenge bwacu bwa semiconductor buvuga ko izamuka rya 18%.Niba 2024 ikora neza nkuko byari byitezwe, ibigo birashobora kongera gahunda yo gukoresha imari mugihe.Turashobora kwitegereza kubona impinduka nziza mumikoreshereze ya semiconductor muri 2024.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-08-2024