Mubuzima bwa buri munsi, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka terefone zigendanwa nisaha yubwenge byabaye inshuti zingenzi. Ibi bikoresho bigenda byoroha ariko birakomeye. Wigeze wibaza niki gishobora gutuma habaho ubwihindurize? Igisubizo kiri mubikoresho bya semiconductor, kandi uyumunsi, turibanda kuri kimwe mubigaragara muri byo - kristu ya safiro.
Kirisitu ya safiro, igizwe ahanini na α-Al₂O₃, igizwe na atome eshatu za ogisijeni na atome ebyiri za aluminiyumu zifatanije hamwe, zikaba zubatswe mu buryo butandatu. Mugihe isa na safiro yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu isura, kristu ya safiro yo mu nganda ishimangira imikorere isumba iyindi. Imiti ya inert, ntishobora gushonga mumazi kandi irwanya aside na alkalis, ikora nk "ingabo ya chimique" ikomeza ituze mubidukikije. Byongeye kandi, irerekana neza optique iboneye, itanga urumuri rwiza; amashanyarazi akomeye, akumira ubushyuhe bwinshi; hamwe n’amashanyarazi adasanzwe, yemeza kohereza ibimenyetso bihamye nta kumeneka. Mu buryo bwa tekinike, safiro ifite ubukana bwa Mohs bwa 9, ikurikirwa na diyama, bigatuma idashobora kwangirika no kurwanya isuri-byiza cyane kubisaba.
Intwaro y'ibanga mu gukora Chip
(1) Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya Chip-Imbaraga nke
Mugihe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki biganisha kuri miniaturizasiya no gukora cyane, chip-power nkeya zabaye ingirakamaro. Imashini gakondo zibabazwa no kwangirika kwubunini bwa nanoscale, biganisha kumeneka ya none, kongera ingufu zamashanyarazi, hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije, bibangamira ituze nubuzima.
Abashakashatsi bo mu kigo cya Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Technology Technology (SIMIT), Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa, bateje imbere waferi y’ububasha bwa safiro ikoresheje tekinoroji ya okiside ihuza ibyuma, ihindura aluminiyumu imwe rukumbi muri alumina imwe (safiro). Ku burebure bwa nm 1, ibi bikoresho byerekana ultra-low leakage yamashanyarazi, iruta dielectrics isanzwe ya amorphous dielectrics yuburyo bubiri bwubunini mukugabanya ubucucike bwa leta no kuzamura ubwiza bwimikorere hamwe na 2D semiconductor. Kwinjiza ibi hamwe nibikoresho 2D bifasha chip-power nkeya, byongerera cyane ubuzima bwa bateri muri terefone zigendanwa no kuzamura ituze mubikorwa bya AI na IoT.
(2) Umufatanyabikorwa mwiza kuri Gallium Nitride (GaN)
Mu gice cya semiconductor, gallium nitride (GaN) yagaragaye nkinyenyeri yaka kubera ibyiza byayo bidasanzwe. Nkibikoresho bigari bya semiconductor hamwe na bande ya 3.4 eV-nini cyane ugereranije na 1.1 eV ya silicon - GaN irusha ubushyuhe bwinshi, voltage nyinshi, hamwe na progaramu nyinshi. Umuvuduko mwinshi wa elegitoronike hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye zo gusenyuka kumurima bituma iba ibikoresho byiza kubububasha bukomeye, ubushyuhe bwinshi, inshuro nyinshi, hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Muri electronics power, ibikoresho bishingiye kuri GaN bikorera kumurongo mwinshi hamwe no gukoresha ingufu nkeya, bitanga imikorere isumba iyindi muguhindura ingufu no gucunga ingufu. Mu itumanaho rya microwave, GaN itanga imbaraga-nyinshi, ibice byinshi-nka 5G byongera ingufu, byongera ubwiza bwogukwirakwiza ibimenyetso no gutuza.
Kirisitu ya safiro ifatwa nk "umufatanyabikorwa mwiza" kuri GaN. Nubwo idirishya ryayo ridahuye na GaN risumba irya karbide ya silicon (SiC), insina ya safiro yerekana ubushyuhe buke bwo mu gihe cya epitaxy ya GaN, bitanga umusingi uhamye wo gukura kwa GaN. Byongeye kandi, safiro nziza cyane yubushyuhe bwumuriro no gukorera mu mucyo byorohereza ikwirakwizwa ry’ubushyuhe mu bikoresho bikoresha ingufu za GaN nyinshi, bigatuma umutekano uhagaze neza kandi ugatanga umusaruro mwiza. Ibikoresho byamashanyarazi birenze urugero bigabanya kugabanya ibimenyetso no gutakaza ingufu. Ihuriro rya safiro na GaN ryatumye habaho iterambere ry’ibikoresho bikora neza, harimo na LED ishingiye kuri GaN, yiganje ku isoko ryo kumurika no kwerekana - kuva amatara yo mu rugo LED kugeza kuri ecran nini yo hanze - ndetse na diode ya laser ikoreshwa mu itumanaho rya optique no gutunganya neza laser.
XKH ya GaN-kuri-safiro wafer
Kwagura Imipaka ya Semiconductor Porogaramu
(1) “Ingabo” mu Gisirikare no mu kirere
Ibikoresho mubisabwa mubisirikare no mu kirere akenshi bikora mubihe bikabije. Mu kirere, icyogajuru cyihanganira ubushyuhe bwuzuye-zero, imirasire ikabije yo mu kirere, hamwe n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije. Hagati aho, indege za gisirikare, zihura n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burenga 1.000 ° C kubera ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere mu gihe cyo kuguruka byihuse, hamwe n'imitwaro myinshi ya mashini hamwe no kwivanga kwa electronique.
Ibirahuri bya safiro byihariye bituma iba ibikoresho byiza mubice byingenzi. Kurwanya ubushyuhe budasanzwe-kwihanganira kugera kuri 2,045 ° C mugihe ukomeje kuba inyangamugayo - bitanga imikorere yizewe mugihe cy'ubushyuhe. Imirasire yacyo nayo irinda imikorere mubidukikije no mubirere bya kirimbuzi, ikingira neza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Iyi mico yatumye safiro ikoreshwa cyane mumadirishya yubushyuhe bwo hejuru (IR). Muri sisitemu yo kuyobora misile, Windows ya IR igomba gukomeza kumvikana neza nubushyuhe bukabije n umuvuduko kugirango tumenye neza intego. Idirishya rishingiye kuri safiro rihuza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro hamwe nogukwirakwiza hejuru ya IR, bigatezimbere neza neza ubuyobozi. Mu kirere, safiro irinda sisitemu ya optique ya sisitemu, ituma amashusho asobanuka neza mubihe bibi bya orbital.
XKH'sidirishya rya safiro
(2) Fondasiyo Nshya ya superconductors na Microelectronics
Muburyo budasanzwe, safiro ikora nkibintu byingenzi byingirakamaro kuri firime zoroheje cyane, zituma imiyoboro ya zeru itavuguruzwa - ihindura amashanyarazi, gari ya moshi za maglev, na sisitemu ya MRI. Filime ikora cyane cyane isaba substrate ifite imiterere ihamye ya lattice, kandi safiro ihuza nibikoresho nka magnesium diboride (MgB₂) ituma imikurire ya firime hamwe nubucucike bugezweho hamwe numurima ukomeye wa magneti. Kurugero, insinga z'amashanyarazi ukoresheje firime zidasanzwe zishyigikiwe na safiro zitezimbere cyane uburyo bwogukwirakwiza mukugabanya gutakaza ingufu.
Muri microelectronics, safiro isobekeranye ifite icyerekezo cyihariye cya kirisiti-nka R-indege (<1-102>) na A-indege (<11-20>) - ishobora gukoreshwa na silicon epitaxial igizwe na sisitemu yateye imbere (IC). R-indege ya safiro igabanya inenge za kirisiti muri IC yihuta cyane, ikazamura umuvuduko wimikorere no gutekana, mugihe A-indege ya safiro yokwirinda hamwe nuburenganzira bumwe butuma mikorobe ikomatanya hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane. Izi substrates zishimangira chip yibanze mubikorwa remezo byo kubara no gutumanaho.
XKH'sA.lN-kuri-NPSS Wafer
Kazoza ka Safiro Crystal muri Semiconductor
Safiro imaze kwerekana agaciro gakomeye muri semiconductor, kuva guhimba chip kugeza mu kirere no mu kirere. Uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere, uruhare rwayo ruzagenda rwiyongera. Mu bwenge bwa gihanga, amashanyarazi ashyigikiwe na safiro imbaraga nke, chip ikora cyane bizatera imbere iterambere rya AI mubuzima, ubwikorezi, n’imari. Muri comptabilite, ibikoresho bya safiro byerekana ko ari umukandida utanga ikizere cyo guhuza qubit. Hagati aho, ibikoresho bya GaN-kuri-safiro bizuzuza ibisabwa byiyongera kubikoresho byitumanaho 5G / 6G. Gutera imbere, safiro bizakomeza kuba urufatiro rwo guhanga udushya twinshi, bigaha imbaraga ikiremwamuntu.
XKH ya GaN-kuri-safiro epitaxial wafer
X. Twifashishije imikurire ya kristu yihariye hamwe na tekinoroji ya nanoscale, dutanga idirishya rya safiro ya ultra-flat hamwe no kwanduza bidasanzwe kuva UV kugera kuri IR yerekanwe, nibyiza kubirere, kwirwanaho, hamwe na sisitemu ya laser ifite ingufu nyinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-18-2025